University of Wisconsin Badger Athletic Performance Program, Madison, Wisconsin.
University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, Madison, Wisconsin.
Sports Health. 2019 Sep/Oct;11(5):453-460. doi: 10.1177/1941738119861572. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
Body composition assessment is frequently used in sports medicine and athletic performance environments to assess change in response to strength training and nutrition programs. However, to effectively do so requires knowledge regarding expected body composition values relative to sport and sex. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition, although its utility in relationship to specific sports, performance, or rehabilitation is not clearly defined.
Body composition metrics and distribution of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes will vary based on sport and sex.
Level 4.
Cross-sectional study.
A convenience sample of 337 athletes (229 men and 108 women) participating in football, wrestling, soccer, hockey, basketball, golf, softball, or volleyball was evaluated. DXA-measured total body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD), % lean mass, % fat, and regional distribution, were compared by sex, sport, and with an age-matched National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population.
Men had higher BMD, lower % fat (16.4% vs 25.2%) and higher % lean mass (79.2% vs 70.6%) ( < 0.001). Regional composition varied by sport and sex, with women having a greater proportion of lean mass at the trunk and men in their arms ( < 0.0001). Leg lean mass was distributed similarly between sexes (35%). Overall, the normative group (NHANES) had lower BMD and higher percentage fat.
DXA-measured body composition and lean mass distribution varies by sport and sex in Division I athletes. The observed difference to the NHANES population emphasizes challenges in identifying appropriate comparison populations, reinforcing the need to compare athletes with their own baseline.
These findings establish a framework to investigate the relevance of these variances and determine the utility of body composition analysis in elite athletes.
在运动医学和运动表现环境中，经常使用身体成分评估来评估对力量训练和营养计划的反应变化。然而，要做到这一点，需要了解相对于运动和性别的预期身体成分值。双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）广泛用于评估身体成分，尽管其在特定运动、表现或康复方面的效用尚未明确界定。
根据运动和性别，全国大学体育协会（NCAA）一级大学生运动员的身体成分指标和分布情况会有所不同。
4 级。
横断面研究。
评估了 337 名运动员（229 名男性和 108 名女性）的便利样本，他们参加了足球、摔跤、足球、曲棍球、篮球、高尔夫、垒球或排球。通过性别、运动和与年龄匹配的全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）人群比较 DXA 测量的全身成分，包括骨矿物质密度（BMD）、瘦体重百分比、脂肪百分比和区域分布。
男性的 BMD 更高，脂肪百分比（16.4%对 25.2%）和瘦体重百分比（79.2%对 70.6%）更低（<0.001）。区域组成因运动和性别而异，女性躯干的瘦体重比例更高，男性手臂的瘦体重比例更高（<0.0001）。男女腿部瘦体重分布相似（35%）。总体而言，正常组（NHANES）的 BMD 较低，脂肪百分比较高。
在一级运动员中，DXA 测量的身体成分和瘦体重分布因运动和性别而异。与 NHANES 人群的观察差异强调了确定适当比较人群的挑战，这也强化了用自身基线比较运动员的必要性。
这些发现为研究这些差异的相关性和确定身体成分分析在精英运动员中的效用奠定了基础。
