Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jul;24(7):1710-7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d09eb3.
This is a novel descriptive study to characterize off-season, preseason, and postseason bone and body composition measures in women collegiate athletes. From 2006 through 2008, 67 women collegiate athletes from 5 sports, softball (n = 17), basketball (n = 10), volleyball (n = 7), swimming (n = 16), and track jumpers and sprinters (n = 17) were scanned using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 3 seasonal periods: (a) off-season = before preseason training, (b) preseason = after preseason training, and (c) postseason = after competitive season. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were analyzed for total body mass, lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), percent body fat (%BF), bone mineral content, bone mineral density (BMD), arm BMD, leg BMD, pelvis BMD, and spine BMD. Data were analyzed between sports using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc follow-ups, and within each sport using repeated-measures ANOVA and LSD; alpha < 0.05. Significant off-season to preseason or postseason changes in %BF, LM, and BMD within each sport were as follows, respectively: softball, -7, +4, +1%; basketball, -11, +4, +1%; volleyball, unchanged, unchanged, +2%; swimming, unchanged, +2.5%, unchanged; track jumpers and sprinters, -7, +3.5, +1%. Comparisons among athletes in each sport showed bone measurements of swimmers averaged 4-19% lower than that of athletes in any other sport, whereas for track jumpers and sprinters, %BF and FM averaged 36 and 43% lower compared with other sports at all seasonal periods. Values for athletes playing basketball and volleyball were most similar, whereas softball athletes' values fell between all other athletes. These data serve as sport-specific reference values for comparisons at in-season and off-season training periods among women collegiate athletes in various sports.
这是一项新颖的描述性研究，旨在描述女子大学生运动员淡季、赛前和赛后的骨和身体成分指标。在 2006 年至 2008 年间，5 项运动（垒球 [n=17]、篮球 [n=10]、排球 [n=7]、游泳 [n=16]和田径跳跃和短跑 [n=17]）的 67 名女子大学生运动员在 3 个季节期间接受了双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）扫描：（a）淡季=赛前训练前，（b）赛前=赛前训练后，（c）赛后=赛季后。对全身质量、瘦体重（LM）、体脂肪（FM）、体脂百分比（%BF）、骨矿物质含量、骨矿物质密度（BMD）、手臂 BMD、腿部 BMD、骨盆 BMD 和脊柱 BMD 进行了 DXA 扫描分析。使用方差分析（ANOVA）和 Tukey 事后检验对不同运动项目之间的数据进行分析，使用重复测量 ANOVA 和 LSD 对每个运动项目内的数据进行分析；alpha<0.05。在每个运动项目中，%BF、LM 和 BMD 在淡季到赛前或赛后的显著变化如下，分别为：垒球，-7，+4，+1%；篮球，-11，+4，+1%；排球，不变，不变，+2%；游泳，不变，+2.5%，不变；田径跳跃和短跑，-7，+3.5，+1%。在每个运动项目中的运动员之间进行比较显示，游泳运动员的骨骼测量值平均比其他任何运动项目的运动员低 4-19%，而对于田径跳跃和短跑运动员，与其他运动项目相比，在所有季节，%BF 和 FM 平均低 36%和 43%。篮球和排球运动员的数值最为相似，而垒球运动员的数值则介于所有其他运动员之间。这些数据为女子大学生运动员在不同运动项目的赛季和淡季训练期间的比较提供了特定运动的参考值。
