Parks M, Subramanian S, Baroni C, Salvatore M C, Zhang G, Millar C D, Lambert D M
Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 Jan 19;370(1660):20130381. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0381.
Recently, the study of ancient DNA (aDNA) has been greatly enhanced by the development of second-generation DNA sequencing technologies and targeted enrichment strategies. These developments have allowed the recovery of several complete ancient genomes, a result that would have been considered virtually impossible only a decade ago. Prior to these developments, aDNA research was largely focused on the recovery of short DNA sequences and their use in the study of phylogenetic relationships, molecular rates, species identification and population structure. However, it is now possible to sequence a large number of modern and ancient complete genomes from a single species and thereby study the genomic patterns of evolutionary change over time. Such a study would herald the beginnings of ancient population genomics and its use in the study of evolution. Species that are amenable to such large-scale studies warrant increased research effort. We report here progress on a population genomic study of the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae). This species is ideally suited to ancient population genomic research because both modern and ancient samples are abundant in the permafrost conditions of Antarctica. This species will enable us to directly address many of the fundamental questions in ecology and evolution.
最近，第二代DNA测序技术和靶向富集策略的发展极大地推动了古代DNA（aDNA）的研究。这些进展使得多个完整的古代基因组得以复原，而就在仅仅十年前，这一成果还几乎被认为是不可能实现的。在这些进展出现之前，aDNA研究主要集中在短DNA序列的复原及其在系统发育关系、分子速率、物种鉴定和种群结构研究中的应用。然而，现在已经能够对来自单一物种的大量现代和古代完整基因组进行测序，从而研究随时间推移进化变化的基因组模式。这样的研究将预示着古代种群基因组学的开端及其在进化研究中的应用。适合进行此类大规模研究的物种值得加大研究力度。我们在此报告阿德利企鹅（Pygoscelis adeliae）种群基因组研究的进展。该物种非常适合古代种群基因组研究，因为在南极洲的永久冻土条件下，现代和古代样本都很丰富。这个物种将使我们能够直接解决生态学和进化中的许多基本问题。
