Tang-Smith Eliot, Johnson Sheri L, Chen Stephen
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Center for Advanced Study of the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Psychol Psychother. 2015 Dec;88(4):394-411. doi: 10.1111/papt.12050. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
The dominance behavioural system (DBS) is multi-faceted, and various aspects of this system have links with a range of psychopathologies. Different scales have been used across psychopathologies though, and no single measure captures the core dimensions of the DBS. Our goal was to assess the importance of multiple DBS dimensions across psychopathologies.
Undergraduates (N = 612) completed a broad set of dominance items (many from pre-existing measures) and measures of lifetime depression, anxiety, and manic symptoms.
Factor analysis suggested six distinct DBS factors: Authentic Pride, Hubristic Pride, Cooperation, Power/Influence, Discomfort with Leadership, and Ruthless Ambition. Depressive and anxious symptoms related to notably similar DBS profiles, characterized by lower authentic pride, lower perceived power, and greater willingness to endorse hubris. In contrast, hypomanic tendencies related to heightened pride, and an emphasis on the pursuit of power despite interpersonal costs.
With a multi-faceted approach, the DBS appears to be relevant for understanding multiple forms of psychopathology. Although limited by the reliance on self-report questionnaires, this is the first transdiagnostic study to consider these multiple facets of the DBS.
The dominance system involves multiple separable dimensions. Manic tendencies appear tied to experiencing a heightened sense of pride and being willing to use more aggressive behavioural strategies to pursue dominance. Anxious and depressive tendencies appear particularly tied to low levels of subjective power, and more willingness to describe oneself as having hubris. Pride, the subjective sense of achieving power, and behavioural approaches to achieving power appear to be important dimensions of the dominance system for understanding psychopathology.
优势行为系统（DBS）具有多面性，该系统的各个方面与一系列精神病理学存在关联。不过，不同的精神病理学研究使用了不同的量表，没有单一的测量方法能够涵盖DBS的核心维度。我们的目标是评估DBS多个维度在各种精神病理学中的重要性。
本科生（N = 612）完成了一系列广泛的优势项目（许多来自现有的测量方法）以及终生抑郁、焦虑和躁狂症状的测量。
因子分析表明存在六个不同的DBS因子：真实自豪、傲慢自豪、合作、权力/影响力、对领导力的不适感和无情野心。抑郁和焦虑症状与明显相似的DBS特征相关，其特点是真实自豪感较低、感知权力较低以及更愿意认可傲慢。相比之下，轻躁狂倾向与自豪感增强以及强调不顾人际成本追求权力有关。
采用多方面的方法，DBS似乎与理解多种形式的精神病理学相关。尽管受到依赖自我报告问卷的限制，但这是第一项考虑DBS这些多个方面的跨诊断研究。
优势系统涉及多个可分离的维度。躁狂倾向似乎与自豪感增强以及愿意使用更具攻击性的行为策略来追求优势有关。焦虑和抑郁倾向似乎特别与主观权力水平低以及更愿意将自己描述为傲慢有关。自豪、获得权力的主观感受以及实现权力的行为方式似乎是优势系统中理解精神病理学的重要维度。
