Periodontol 2000. 2015 Feb;67(1):187-210. doi: 10.1111/prd.12063.
This literature review provides an overview of the current scenario regarding the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis; clinical, microbiological and immunological data from studies from our and other groups are presented. In general, preclinical and clinical data are unanimous in demonstrating that smokers present increased susceptibility, greater severity and faster progression of periodontal disease compared with nonsmokers. The evidence further demonstrates that smokers lose more teeth and have a less favorable response to therapy than do nonsmokers. Although it is well established that smoking significantly impacts on the onset, progression and outcome of periodontal disease, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. More importantly, some of the reported deleterious effects of smoking on periodontal tissues have been reported to be reversible upon participation in smoking-cessation programs. Therefore, clinicians should strongly advise smokers to enroll in cessation strategies, even temporarily, in order to improve the overall outcome.
这篇文献综述概述了吸烟对牙周炎进展和治疗影响的现状；介绍了来自我们和其他研究小组的临床、微生物学和免疫学数据。一般来说，临床前和临床数据一致表明，与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者牙周病的易感性更高、严重程度更大、进展更快。这些证据进一步表明，吸烟者比不吸烟者更容易掉牙，对治疗的反应也较差。尽管已经确定吸烟对牙周病的发生、进展和结果有重大影响，但其中涉及的机制仍不清楚。更重要的是，一些关于吸烟对牙周组织的有害影响的报告已经表明，通过参与戒烟计划，这些影响是可以逆转的。因此，临床医生应强烈建议吸烟者参加戒烟策略，即使是暂时的，以改善整体结果。
