Chambers Edward S, Morrison Douglas J, Frost Gary
Faculty of Medicine,Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group,Section of Investigative Medicine,Hammersmith Campus,Imperial College London,UK.
Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory,Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre,University of Glasgow,East Kilbride,Glasgow,UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2015 Aug;74(3):328-36. doi: 10.1017/S0029665114001657. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the role of dietary fibre in obesity management. Much of this interest stems from animal and human studies which suggest that an increased intake of fermentable fibre can suppress appetite and improve weight management. A growing number of reports have demonstrated that the principal products of colonic fermentation of dietary fibre, SCFA, contribute to energy homeostasis via effects on multiple cellular metabolic pathways and receptor-mediated mechanisms. In particular, over the past decade it has been identified that a widespread receptor system exists for SCFA. These G-protein-coupled receptors, free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 2 and FFAR3 are expressed in numerous tissue sites, including the gut epithelium and adipose tissue. Investigations using FFAR2- or FFAR3-deficient animal models suggest that SCFA-mediated stimulation of these receptors enhances the release of the anorectic hormones peptide tyrosine tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide-1 from colonic L cells and leptin from adipocytes. In addition, the SCFA acetate has recently been shown to have a direct role in central appetite regulation. Furthermore, the SCFA propionate is a known precursor for hepatic glucose production, which has been reported to suppress feeding behaviour in ruminant studies through the stimulation of hepatic vagal afferents. The present review therefore proposes that an elevated colonic production of SCFA could stimulate numerous hormonal and neural signals at different organ and tissue sites that would cumulatively suppress short-term appetite and energy intake.
近年来，膳食纤维在肥胖管理中的作用再次引起了人们的关注。这种关注很大程度上源于动物和人体研究，这些研究表明，增加可发酵纤维的摄入量可以抑制食欲并改善体重管理。越来越多的报告表明，膳食纤维在结肠发酵的主要产物短链脂肪酸（SCFA），通过对多种细胞代谢途径和受体介导机制的作用，有助于能量稳态。特别是在过去十年中，已确定存在一个广泛的SCFA受体系统。这些G蛋白偶联受体，即游离脂肪酸受体（FFAR）2和FFAR3，在包括肠道上皮和脂肪组织在内的许多组织部位表达。使用FFAR2或FFAR3缺陷动物模型的研究表明，SCFA介导的这些受体刺激可增强结肠L细胞中厌食激素肽酪酪肽和胰高血糖素样肽-1以及脂肪细胞中瘦素的释放。此外，最近发现SCFA乙酸盐在中枢食欲调节中具有直接作用。此外，SCFA丙酸盐是肝脏葡萄糖生成的已知前体，在反刍动物研究中，据报道它通过刺激肝脏迷走神经传入来抑制进食行为。因此，本综述提出，结肠中SCFA产量的增加可以刺激不同器官和组织部位的多种激素和神经信号，这些信号将累积抑制短期食欲和能量摄入。
