Corfe Bernard M, Harden Charlotte J, Bull Matthew, Garaiova Iveta
Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group,Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology,Department of Oncology,University of Sheffield,Beech Hill Road,Sheffield S10 2RX,UK.
Organisms and Environment Division,Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University,Cardiff CF10 3AX,UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2015 Aug;74(3):235-44. doi: 10.1017/S0029665114001670. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
The recent availability of high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing technologies has rapidly advanced approaches to analysing the role of the gut microbiome in governance of human health, including gut health, and also metabolic, cardiovascular and mental health, inter alia. Recent scientific studies suggest that energy intake (EI) perturbations at the population level cannot account for the current obesity epidemic, and significant work is investigating the potential role of the microbiome, and in particular its metabolic products, notably SCFA, predominantly acetate, propionate and butyrate, the last of which is an energy source for the epithelium of the large intestine. The energy yield from dietary residues may be a significant factor influencing energy balance. This review posits that the contribution towards EI is governed by EI diet composition (not just fibre), the composition of the microbiome and by the levels of physical activity. Furthermore, we hypothesise that these factors do not exist in a steady state, but rather are dynamic, with both short- and medium-term effects on appetite regulation. We suggest that the existing modelling strategies for bacterial dynamics, specifically for growth in chemostat culture, are of utility in understanding the dynamic interplay of diet, activity and microbiomic organisation. Such approaches may be informative in optimising the application of dietary and microbial therapy to promote health.
近年来高通量核酸测序技术的出现，迅速推动了分析肠道微生物群在人类健康管理中作用的方法，其中包括肠道健康，以及代谢、心血管和心理健康等。最近的科学研究表明，人群水平上的能量摄入（EI）扰动无法解释当前的肥胖流行情况，大量研究正在探究微生物群，特别是其代谢产物的潜在作用，尤其是短链脂肪酸（SCFA），主要包括乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐，其中丁酸盐是大肠上皮细胞的能量来源。膳食残渣产生的能量可能是影响能量平衡的一个重要因素。本综述认为，对能量摄入的贡献受能量摄入饮食组成（不仅仅是纤维）、微生物群组成以及身体活动水平的影响。此外，我们假设这些因素并非处于稳定状态，而是动态变化的，对食欲调节具有短期和中期影响。我们认为，现有的细菌动力学建模策略，特别是用于恒化器培养中生长的策略，有助于理解饮食、活动和微生物群组织之间的动态相互作用。此类方法可能有助于优化饮食和微生物疗法的应用以促进健康。
