McIntosh Scott E, Opacic Matthew, Freer Luanne, Grissom Colin K, Auerbach Paul S, Rodway George W, Cochran Amalia, Giesbrecht Gordon G, McDevitt Marion, Imray Christopher H, Johnson Eric L, Dow Jennifer, Hackett Peter H
Division of Emergency Medicine, (Drs McIntosh and McDevitt).
Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME (Dr Opacic).
Wilderness Environ Med. 2014 Dec;25(4 Suppl):S43-54. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.001.
The Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop a set of evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite. We present a review of pertinent pathophysiology. We then discuss primary and secondary prevention measures and therapeutic management. Recommendations are made regarding each treatment and its role in management. These recommendations are graded on the basis of the quality of supporting evidence and balance between the benefits and risks or burdens for each modality according to methodology stipulated by the American College of Chest Physicians. This is an updated version of the original guidelines published in Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 2011;22(2):156-166.
荒野医学协会召集了一个专家小组，以制定一套基于证据的冻伤预防和治疗指南。我们对相关病理生理学进行了综述。然后讨论了一级和二级预防措施以及治疗管理。针对每种治疗方法及其在管理中的作用提出了建议。这些建议是根据美国胸科医师学会规定的方法，基于支持证据的质量以及每种治疗方式的益处与风险或负担之间的平衡进行分级的。这是2011年发表于《荒野与环境医学》第22卷第2期第156 - 166页的原始指南的更新版本。
