Xin Y P, Zan L S, Liu Y F, Tian W Q, Wang H B, Cheng G, Li A N, Yang W C
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Genet Mol Res. 2014 Nov 14;13(4):9578-87. doi: 10.4238/2014.November.14.1.
The aim of this study is to use Y-chromosome gene polymorphism method to investigate regional differences in genetic variation and population evolution history of the Chinese native cattle breeds. Six Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci (UMN0929, UMN0108, UMN0920, INRA124, UMN2404, and UMN0103) were analyzed using 1016 healthy and heterogenetic males and 90 females of 9 native cattle breeds (Qinchuan, Jinnan, Zaosheng, Luxi, Nanyang, Jiaxian, Dabieshan, Yanbian, and Menggu) in China. Allele frequency and gene diversity were calculated for the various populations. The results indicated that Y-STRs in the 6 loci have polymorphisms and genetic diversity in Chinese cattle populations. The genetic diversity analysis revealed that the Chinese cattle populations have a close genetic relationship. The analysis of INRA124, UMN2404, and UMN0103 loci revealed the original history of Chinese cattle because of which cattle belonging to Bos taurus or Bos indicus could be determined. Interestingly, a declining zebu introgression was displayed from South to North and from East to West in the Chinese geographical distribution, which implied that cattle population from various regions of China had been subjected to somewhat different evolutionary history. This conclusion supported other evidences such as earlier archaeological, historical research, and blood protein polymorphism analysis.
本研究旨在利用Y染色体基因多态性方法，探究中国本土黄牛品种的遗传变异区域差异及群体进化历史。使用1016头健康且遗传异质的雄性个体以及90头中国9个本土黄牛品种（秦川牛、晋南牛、早胜牛、鲁西牛、南阳牛、郏县红牛、大别山牛、延边牛和蒙古牛）的雌性个体，对6个Y染色体短串联重复序列（Y-STR）位点（UMN0929、UMN0108、UMN0920、INRA124、UMN2404和UMN0103）进行了分析。计算了各个群体的等位基因频率和基因多样性。结果表明，这6个位点的Y-STR在中国黄牛群体中具有多态性和遗传多样性。遗传多样性分析显示，中国黄牛群体具有密切的遗传关系。对INRA124、UMN2404和UMN0103位点的分析揭示了中国黄牛的起源历史，据此可以确定牛属于普通牛或瘤牛。有趣的是，在中国地理分布上，瘤牛的基因渗入呈现出从南到北、从东到西逐渐减少的趋势，这意味着中国不同地区的牛群体经历了略有不同的进化历史。这一结论得到了早期考古学、历史研究以及血液蛋白多态性分析等其他证据的支持。
