Denis Isabelle, Potier Brigitte, Heberden Christine, Vancassel Sylvie
aUnité de Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction, NBO U1197, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas bINSERM UMR 894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris cUnité MICALIS, UMR 1319, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas dUnité NutriNeurO, UMR INRA 1286, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015 Mar;18(2):139-46. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000141.
The literature on the influence of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) on brain aging has grown exponentially during the last decade. Many avenues have been explored but no global picture or clear evidence has emerged. Experimental studies have shown that ω-3 PUFA is involved in many neurobiological processes that are involved in neurotransmission and neuroprotection, indicating that these PUFAs may prevent age-related brain damage. Human studies have revealed only a weak link between ω-3 PUFA status and cognitive aging, whereas interventional studies have yet to confirm it. The purpose of this review is to analyze the developments in the area during the last 2 years.
Human brain MRI studies have confirmed previous findings that ω-3 PUFA can protect the brain during aging; two intervention studies obtained clear evidence. We also analyzed the experimental data clarifying the involvement of ω-3 PUFA in neurotransmission, neuroprotection (including prevention of peroxidation, inflammation, and excitotoxicity), and neurogenesis, thereby helping the brain cope with aging.
These recent human and experimental studies provide support for and clarification of how ω-3 PUFA protect against brain aging and highlight the main lines for future research.
在过去十年中，关于饮食中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3 PUFA）对大脑衰老影响的文献呈指数级增长。人们探索了许多途径，但尚未形成全面的图景或明确的证据。实验研究表明，ω-3 PUFA参与了许多与神经传递和神经保护有关的神经生物学过程，这表明这些多不饱和脂肪酸可能预防与年龄相关的脑损伤。人体研究仅揭示了ω-3 PUFA状态与认知衰老之间的微弱联系，而干预性研究尚未证实这一点。本综述的目的是分析过去两年该领域的进展。
人类脑磁共振成像研究证实了先前的发现，即ω-3 PUFA在衰老过程中可以保护大脑；两项干预性研究获得了明确的证据。我们还分析了实验数据，阐明了ω-3 PUFA在神经传递、神经保护（包括预防过氧化、炎症和兴奋性毒性）以及神经发生中的作用，从而帮助大脑应对衰老。
这些最新的人体和实验研究为ω-3 PUFA如何预防脑衰老提供了支持和阐释，并突出了未来研究的主要方向。
