Hoisl A, Barbey R, Graf B M, Briegel J, Bein T
Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Deutschland.
Anaesthesist. 2015 Jan;64(1):16-25. doi: 10.1007/s00101-014-2406-8. Epub 2014 Dec 13.
The press is an important medium and plays a significant role as an information source for people. Moreover, the daily press transmits opinion-forming contents. During the German "transplantation scandal" various articles were published in the German press focusing on organ donation, transplantation, allocation of organs and brain death determination. Selected important newspaper articles were analyzed using a scientific text analysis as it was assumed that the publications might have had an important influence on attitudes or mistrust of transplantation medicine.
A total of 216 articles from Süddeutsche Zeitung, Die Welt, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Die Zeit published between summer 2012 and early 2013, which focused on the transplantation scandal were analyzed using a modern form of scientific text analysis. From these articles 12 categories of contents were identified which were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.
Most articles were published between June and August 2012 when the accusations of organ allocation manipulation were made public. A second wave was found in the early months of 2013, when the court proceedings against the predominantly blamed physician began. Most of the categories (63.8 %) transmitted a negative evaluative opinion (i.e. loss of confidence, enrichment of the persons involved, fraud, misconduct, rejection of brain death and disturbing the peace of the dead) leading to mistrust of transplantation per se, while the minority (36.2 %) were categorized as endeavoring to convey objective information, focus on ethical responsibility for organ donation or the problems of organ shortage. Furthermore, a striking increase of articles doubting the concept of brain death was observed.
German newspapers as important opinion-leading and opinion-forming media have a substantial impact in accomplishing the demands for objective and factual information of transplantation medicine. Physicians, ethicists, journalists and politicians are invoked to have a closer collaboration in the future.
媒体是一种重要的媒介，作为人们的信息来源发挥着重要作用。此外，日报还传播形成观点的内容。在德国“移植丑闻”期间，德国媒体发表了各种文章，聚焦于器官捐赠、移植、器官分配和脑死亡判定。由于假定这些出版物可能对移植医学的态度或不信任产生重要影响，因此使用科学文本分析方法对部分重要报纸文章进行了分析。
采用现代形式的科学文本分析方法，对2012年夏季至2013年初期间在《南德意志报》《世界报》《法兰克福汇报》和《时代周报》上发表的共216篇聚焦移植丑闻的文章进行了分析。从这些文章中确定了12类内容，并对其进行了定量和定性分析。
大多数文章发表于2012年6月至8月期间，当时器官分配操纵的指控被公开。2013年初几个月出现了第二波报道，当时针对主要受指责的医生的法律诉讼开始。大多数类别（63.8%）传达了负面评价意见（即信心丧失、相关人员致富、欺诈、不当行为、拒绝脑死亡以及扰乱死者安宁），导致对移植本身的不信任，而少数类别（36.2%）被归类为努力传达客观信息、关注器官捐赠的伦理责任或器官短缺问题。此外，怀疑脑死亡概念的文章显著增加。
德国报纸作为重要的舆论引导和观点形成媒体，在满足对移植医学客观和事实信息的需求方面具有重大影响。呼吁医生、伦理学家、记者和政治家未来进行更密切的合作。
