González Silvia, Lozano Óscar, Ramírez Andrea, Grijalba Carlos
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
Departamento Administrativo del Deporte, la Recreación, la Actividad Física y el Aprovechamiento del Tiempo Libre, Coldeportes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2014 Jul-Sep;34(3):447-59. doi: 10.1590/S0120-41572014000300014.
Worldwide studies show inequalities in physical activity levels related to socio-demographic characteristics. In Colombia, among the countries in Latin America with the highest inequality, the evidence related to inequalities in physical activity is limited. It is imperative to identify disparities in physical activity in the country, to guide the design of public policies aimed at promoting physical activity.
A secondary analysis of data from the 2010 National Nutrition Survey was conducted. The sample included 27,243 adults. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure leisure time and transport domains. Socioeconomic status was measured by the Sisben level.
Compared to men, women were less likely to meet physical activity recommendations in all domains. Compared to adults from high socioeconomic-status households, low socioeconomic-status adults had a lower prevalence of meeting physical activity recommendations during leisure time and the highest prevalence of using a bicycle for transport. The factors associated with meeting physical activity recommendations differed by gender and physical activity domain. Household and individual variables explained 13.6% of the inequalities observed by gender, and 23.2% of the inequalities by socioeconomic status. In a five-year period, the prevalence of physical activity in leisure time decreased, while the physical activity of walking for transport increased and biking for transport did not change.
Future interventions to increase physical activity levels in Colombia must consider inequalities by gender and socioeconomic status. Of special concern is the low prevalence of meeting physical activity recommendations during leisure time in both women and in the low socioeconomic status population.
全球研究表明，身体活动水平与社会人口特征相关存在不平等现象。在哥伦比亚，作为拉丁美洲不平等程度最高的国家之一，与身体活动不平等相关的证据有限。确定该国身体活动方面的差异，对于指导旨在促进身体活动的公共政策设计至关重要。
1）估计达到身体活动建议的患病率及相关因素；2）评估在达到身体活动建议方面按性别和社会经济地位划分的不平等情况；3）评估五年内身体活动患病率的趋势。
对2010年全国营养调查的数据进行二次分析。样本包括27243名成年人。使用国际身体活动问卷来测量休闲时间和交通领域的情况。社会经济地位通过Sisben水平来衡量。
与男性相比，女性在所有领域达到身体活动建议的可能性较小。与高社会经济地位家庭的成年人相比，低社会经济地位的成年人在休闲时间达到身体活动建议的患病率较低，而使用自行车作为交通工具的患病率最高。与达到身体活动建议相关的因素因性别和身体活动领域而异。家庭和个人变量解释了按性别观察到的不平等现象的13.6%，以及按社会经济地位观察到的不平等现象的23.2%。在五年期间，休闲时间的身体活动患病率下降，而步行作为交通方式的身体活动增加，骑自行车作为交通方式的身体活动没有变化。
未来在哥伦比亚提高身体活动水平的干预措施必须考虑到性别和社会经济地位方面的不平等。特别值得关注的是，女性和低社会经济地位人群在休闲时间达到身体活动建议的患病率较低。
