Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Risk Appraisal and Prevention Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Ann Glob Health. 2014 Sep-Oct;80(5):384-92. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2014.09.013.
Infection is one of the main risk factors for cancer.
Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and disease burden of infection-related cancers were reviewed by infectious agents.
Chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, human papillomavirus (HPV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Helicobacter pylori, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Schistosoma haematobium are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma; lymphoma and leukemia, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma; hepatocellular carcinoma; Kaposi sarcoma; oropharyngeal carcinoma; cervical carcinoma and carcinoma of other anogential sites; adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; gastric carcinoma; cholangiocarcinoma; and urinary bladder cancer. In 2008, approximately 2 million new cancer cases (16%) worldwide were attributable to infection. If these infections could be prevented and/or treated, it is estimated that there would be about 23% fewer cancers in less developed regions of the world, and about 7% fewer cancers in more developed regions.
Widespread application of existing public health methods for the prevention of infection, such as vaccination, safer injection practices, quality-assured screening of all donated blood and blood components, antimicrobial treatments, and safer sex practices, including minimizing one's lifetime number of sexual partners and condom use, could have a substantial effect on the future burden of cancer worldwide.
感染是癌症的主要危险因素之一。
通过感染因子，回顾与感染相关的癌症的流行病学、发病机制和疾病负担。
慢性感染 Epstein-Barr 病毒、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒、卡波西肉瘤疱疹病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）1 型、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）、人类 T 细胞白血病病毒 1 型、幽门螺杆菌、华支睾吸虫、麝猫后睾吸虫和埃及血吸虫与鼻咽癌、淋巴瘤和白血病（包括非霍奇金淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤和伯基特淋巴瘤）、肝细胞癌、卡波西肉瘤、口咽癌、宫颈癌和其他肛门生殖器部位癌、成人 T 细胞白血病/淋巴瘤、胃癌、胆管癌和膀胱癌有关。2008 年，全世界约有 200 万例新发癌症（16%）归因于感染。如果这些感染能够得到预防和/或治疗，据估计，在世界欠发达地区，癌症将减少约 23%，在世界较发达地区，癌症将减少约 7%。
广泛应用现有的预防感染的公共卫生方法，如疫苗接种、更安全的注射实践、对所有捐赠的血液和血液成分进行有质量保证的筛查、抗菌治疗以及安全性行为实践，包括尽量减少性伴侣数量和使用安全套，可以对全世界未来的癌症负担产生重大影响。
