Azpilicueta Leire, López-Iturri Peio, Aguirre Erik, Mateo Ignacio, Astrain José Javier, Villadangos Jesús, Falcone Francisco
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain.
Mathematics and Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2014 Dec 10;14(12):23650-72. doi: 10.3390/s141223650.
The use of wireless networks has experienced exponential growth due to the improvements in terms of battery life and low consumption of the devices. However, it is compulsory to conduct previous radio propagation analysis when deploying a wireless sensor network. These studies are necessary to perform an estimation of the range coverage, in order to optimize the distance between devices in an actual network deployment. In this work, the radio channel characterization for ISM 2.4 GHz Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in an inhomogeneous vegetation environment has been analyzed. This analysis allows designing environment monitoring tools based on ZigBee and WiFi where WSN and smartphones cooperate, providing rich and customized monitoring information to users in a friendly manner. The impact of topology as well as morphology of the environment is assessed by means of an in-house developed 3D Ray Launching code, to emulate the realistic operation in the framework of the scenario. Experimental results gathered from a measurement campaign conducted by deploying a ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network, are analyzed and compared with simulations in this paper. The scenario where this network is intended to operate is a combination of buildings and diverse vegetation species. To gain insight in the effects of radio propagation, a simplified vegetation model has been developed, considering the material parameters and simplified geometry embedded in the simulation scenario. An initial location-based application has been implemented in a real scenario, to test the functionality within a context aware scenario. The use of deterministic tools can aid to know the impact of the topological influence in the deployment of the optimal Wireless Sensor Network in terms of capacity, coverage and energy consumption, making the use of these systems attractive for multiple applications in inhomogeneous vegetation environments.
由于设备电池寿命的改善和低功耗，无线网络的使用呈指数级增长。然而，在部署无线传感器网络时，必须事先进行无线电传播分析。这些研究对于估计范围覆盖是必要的，以便在实际网络部署中优化设备之间的距离。在这项工作中，分析了非均匀植被环境中2.4 GHz ISM无线传感器网络（WSN）的无线信道特性。该分析允许设计基于ZigBee和WiFi的环境监测工具，其中WSN和智能手机协同工作，以友好的方式为用户提供丰富且定制的监测信息。通过内部开发的3D射线发射代码评估环境的拓扑结构和形态的影响，以模拟场景框架中的实际操作。本文分析了通过部署ZigBee无线传感器网络进行的测量活动收集的实验结果，并与模拟结果进行了比较。该网络打算运行的场景是建筑物和各种植被物种的组合。为了深入了解无线电传播的影响，已经开发了一个简化的植被模型，考虑了模拟场景中嵌入的材料参数和简化几何形状。在实际场景中实现了一个基于位置的初始应用程序，以测试上下文感知场景中的功能。使用确定性工具有助于了解拓扑影响对最佳无线传感器网络在容量、覆盖范围和能耗方面部署的影响，使得这些系统对于非均匀植被环境中的多种应用具有吸引力。
