Schmidt Justine R, Wilhelm Steven W, Boyer Gregory L
Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2014 Dec 12;6(12):3354-87. doi: 10.3390/toxins6123354.
Microcystins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria that act as hepatotoxins in higher organisms. These toxins can be altered through abiotic processes, such as photodegradation and adsorption, as well as through biological processes via metabolism and bacterial degradation. Some species of bacteria can degrade microcystins, and many other organisms metabolize microcystins into a series of conjugated products. There are toxicokinetic models used to examine microcystin uptake and elimination, which can be difficult to compare due to differences in compartmentalization and speciation. Metabolites of microcystins are formed as a detoxification mechanism, and little is known about how quickly these metabolites are formed. In summary, microcystins can undergo abiotic and biotic processes that alter the toxicity and structure of the microcystin molecule. The environmental impact and toxicity of these alterations and the metabolism of microcystins remains uncertain, making it difficult to establish guidelines for human health. Here, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the alterations microcystins can undergo in the environment.
微囊藻毒素是蓝藻产生的次生代谢产物，在高等生物中作为肝毒素起作用。这些毒素可通过非生物过程（如光降解和吸附）以及通过代谢和细菌降解等生物过程而发生改变。一些细菌物种可以降解微囊藻毒素，许多其他生物将微囊藻毒素代谢为一系列共轭产物。有用于研究微囊藻毒素摄取和消除的毒代动力学模型，由于在区室化和物种形成方面的差异，这些模型可能难以比较。微囊藻毒素的代谢产物是作为一种解毒机制形成的，关于这些代谢产物形成的速度知之甚少。总之，微囊藻毒素可经历非生物和生物过程，这些过程会改变微囊藻毒素分子的毒性和结构。这些改变以及微囊藻毒素代谢的环境影响和毒性仍然不确定，这使得难以制定人类健康指南。在此，我们介绍了关于微囊藻毒素在环境中可能发生的变化的当前知识状态。
