Mione Marina, Bosserhoff Anja
Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggestein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2015 May;28(3):340-54. doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12346. Epub 2015 Jan 6.
The importance of microRNAs as key molecular components of cellular processes is now being recognized. Recent reports have shown that microRNAs regulate processes as diverse as protein expression and nuclear functions inside cells and are able to signal extracellularly, delivered via exosomes, to influence cell fate at a distance. The versatility of microRNAs as molecular tools inspires the design of novel strategies to control gene expression, protein stability, DNA repair and chromatin accessibility that may prove very useful for therapeutic approaches due to the extensive manageability of these small molecules. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the microRNA network and its interactions with the other layers of regulatory elements in cellular and extracellular functions. This knowledge may be necessary before we exploit microRNA versatility in therapeutic settings. To identify rules of interactions between microRNAs and other regulatory systems, we begin by reviewing microRNA activities in a single cell type: the melanocyte, from development to disease.
微小RNA作为细胞过程关键分子成分的重要性如今正得到认可。最近的报道表明，微小RNA调节细胞内蛋白质表达和核功能等多种过程，并且能够通过外泌体进行细胞外信号传递，从而远距离影响细胞命运。微小RNA作为分子工具的多功能性激发了人们设计新策略来控制基因表达、蛋白质稳定性、DNA修复和染色质可及性，由于这些小分子具有广泛的可操控性，这些策略可能对治疗方法非常有用。然而，我们仍然缺乏对微小RNA网络及其在细胞和细胞外功能中与其他调控元件层相互作用的全面理解。在我们将微小RNA的多功能性应用于治疗之前，这些知识可能是必要的。为了确定微小RNA与其他调控系统之间的相互作用规则，我们首先回顾微小RNA在单一细胞类型——黑素细胞中从发育到疾病过程中的活性。
