Petit Sylvie, Bergua Valérie, Peres Karine, Bouisson Jean, Koleck Michèle
Psychologie, Santé et Qualité de vie, EA 4139, Université de Bordeaux, France.
Isped, Centre Inserm U897-épidemiologie-biostatistique, Bordeaux, France.
Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2014 Dec;12(4):379-86. doi: 10.1684/pnv.2014.0510.
Given changing and subjective aspects of quality of life, the current assessment scales are often encompassing and not very adapted for older people. Thus, the present validation study has several objectives: 1) To elaborate a specific measure of the quality of life of older people, given the characteristics and problems of this population; 2) To propose a simple scale to use for any health care professional and fast passation to encourage the inclusion of such measures in the framework of a comprehensive care of the elderly; 3) To validate this scale in a large cohort of retired older farmers. This scale resulted in 14 items illustrating the various dimensions of quality of life of older people. It was then proposed for validation in a large cohort of retired elderly farmers of 65 years and over, and living at home. After exploratory factor analysis of subjects' responses to the EQVPA, five items were extracted explaining 48.8% of the total variance. Its internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha=0.72). The five items permitted to assess daily and social activities in environment, social and familial relationships, physical and functional health and mental health. The results showed that quality of life is significantly correlated with greater life satisfaction, more social support and social network, higher level of subjective health, lower level of functional impairments, lower level of anxious and depressive symptoms, and lower level of routinization. Validation of the tools such as EQVPA seems important for the prevention and preservation of the quality of life of older people.
鉴于生活质量具有变化性和主观性，当前的评估量表往往内容宽泛，不太适合老年人。因此，本验证研究有几个目标：1）根据老年人群体的特征和问题，制定一种针对老年人生活质量的具体测量方法；2）提出一种简单的量表，供任何医疗保健专业人员使用，并能快速推广，以鼓励在老年人综合护理框架中纳入此类测量方法；3）在一大群退休老年农民中验证该量表。该量表由14个项目组成，说明了老年人生活质量的各个维度。然后，该量表被提议在一大群65岁及以上、居家生活的退休老年农民中进行验证。对受试者对EQVPA的回答进行探索性因素分析后，提取了5个项目，解释了总方差的48.8%。其内部一致性令人满意（克朗巴赫α系数=0.72）。这5个项目可用于评估环境中的日常和社交活动、社会和家庭关系、身体和功能健康以及心理健康。结果表明，生活质量与更高的生活满意度、更多的社会支持和社会网络、更高的主观健康水平、更低的功能障碍水平、更低的焦虑和抑郁症状水平以及更低的常规化水平显著相关。验证诸如EQVPA之类的工具对于预防和维护老年人的生活质量似乎很重要。
