Natan Zipi, Tsodikov Faina, Chernyak Raisa, Gimelfarb Yuri
Harefuah. 2014 Oct;153(10):573-8, 625.
No thorough examination of the actual nutritiornal composition of the diet of schizophrenia patients in Israel has been carried out. We performed a cross-sectional study evaluating the nutritional assessment and dietary intake of inpatients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic drugs, based on the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [MABAT].
Sixty inpatients completed a face-to-face interview. The questionnaire included details on health status, alcohol intake, exercise, smoking habits, eating and dieting habits and food supplementation use, knowledge and attitudes regarding nutrition, sources of nutrition knowledge and a 24-hour food recall to gather information on total caloric intake and total fat, protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol, and fiber content. The hospital's menu is according to the requirements of the Ministry of Health (MoH), based on Dietary Reference Intakes. Weight, height, waist and hip measurements were recorded and body mass index and waist/hip ratio were calculated. Data were subsequently compared to data for the general population collected in the MABAT survey.
Schizophrenia patients as a group did not eat more food when compared to MABAT subjects, but the relative percentages of calories derived from protein was higher and fiber intake was lower. The schizophrenia patients exercised less, but were not significantly more obese, thodgh there was more abdominal obesity.
The schizophrenic patients make poor dietary choices, which likely contribute to the adverse metabolic side effects of antipsychotic treatment, thereby promoting the risk of morbidity and mortality. Proactive programmes to improve dietary habits and related nutritional status are necessary.
以色列尚未对精神分裂症患者饮食的实际营养成分进行全面检查。我们基于首次全国健康与营养检查调查[MABAT]开展了一项横断面研究，评估接受抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症住院患者的营养状况和饮食摄入情况。
60名住院患者完成了面对面访谈。问卷包括健康状况、酒精摄入、运动、吸烟习惯、饮食和节食习惯、食物补充剂使用情况、营养知识和态度、营养知识来源以及24小时食物回顾，以收集总热量摄入以及总脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物、胆固醇和纤维含量的信息。医院的菜单根据卫生部的要求制定，基于膳食参考摄入量。记录体重、身高、腰围和臀围，并计算体重指数和腰臀比。随后将数据与MABAT调查中收集的普通人群数据进行比较。
与MABAT调查对象相比，精神分裂症患者群体的食物摄入量并未更多，但蛋白质提供的热量相对百分比更高，纤维摄入量更低。精神分裂症患者运动量较少，但肥胖程度并未显著更高，不过腹部肥胖情况更多。
精神分裂症患者饮食选择不佳，这可能导致抗精神病治疗的不良代谢副作用，从而增加发病和死亡风险。有必要开展积极的项目来改善饮食习惯和相关营养状况。
