Jaouannet Maëlle, Rodriguez Patricia A, Thorpe Peter, Lenoir Camille J G, MacLeod Ruari, Escudero-Martinez Carmen, Bos Jorunn I B
Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute Dundee, UK.
Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute Dundee, UK ; Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee Dundee, UK.
Front Plant Sci. 2014 Dec 1;5:663. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00663. eCollection 2014.
Aphids are economically important pests that cause extensive feeding damage and transmit viruses. While some species have a broad host range and cause damage to a variety of crops, others are restricted to only closely related plant species. While probing and feeding aphids secrete saliva, containing effectors, into their hosts to manipulate host cell processes and promote infestation. Aphid effector discovery studies pointed out parallels between infection and infestation strategies of plant pathogens and aphids. Interestingly, resistance to some aphid species is known to involve plant resistance proteins with a typical NB-LRR domain structure. Whether these resistance proteins indeed recognize aphid effectors to trigger ETI remains to be elucidated. In addition, it was recently shown that unknown aphid derived elicitors can initiate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and callose deposition and that these responses were dependent on BAK1 (BRASSINOSTERIOD INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1) which is a key component of the plant immune system. In addition, BAK-1 contributes to non-host resistance to aphids pointing to another parallel between plant-pathogen and - aphid interactions. Understanding the role of plant immunity and non-host resistance to aphids is essential to generate durable and sustainable aphid control strategies. Although insect behavior plays a role in host selection and non-host resistance, an important observation is that aphids interact with non-host plants by probing the leaf surface, but are unable to feed or establish colonization. Therefore, we hypothesize that aphids interact with non-host plants at the molecular level, but are potentially not successful in suppressing plant defenses and/or releasing nutrients.
蚜虫是具有重要经济意义的害虫，会造成广泛的取食损害并传播病毒。虽然有些种类的蚜虫宿主范围广泛，会对多种作物造成损害，但其他种类则仅局限于亲缘关系密切的植物物种。在刺探和取食过程中，蚜虫会向宿主分泌含有效应子的唾液，以操纵宿主细胞过程并促进侵染。蚜虫效应子发现研究指出了植物病原体与蚜虫在感染和侵染策略上的相似之处。有趣的是，已知对某些蚜虫种类的抗性涉及具有典型NB-LRR结构域结构的植物抗性蛋白。这些抗性蛋白是否真的识别蚜虫效应子以触发效应子触发的免疫反应（ETI）仍有待阐明。此外，最近有研究表明，未知的蚜虫来源激发子可引发活性氧（ROS）产生和胼胝质沉积，且这些反应依赖于BAK1（油菜素内酯不敏感1相关受体激酶1），它是植物免疫系统的关键组成部分。此外，BAK-1有助于对蚜虫的非寄主抗性，这表明植物与病原体和蚜虫的相互作用之间存在另一个相似之处。了解植物免疫和对蚜虫的非寄主抗性的作用对于制定持久且可持续的蚜虫控制策略至关重要。尽管昆虫行为在寄主选择和非寄主抗性中起作用，但一个重要的观察结果是，蚜虫通过探测叶表面与非寄主植物相互作用，但无法取食或建立定殖。因此，我们假设蚜虫在分子水平上与非寄主植物相互作用，但可能无法成功抑制植物防御和/或释放养分。
