Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Infect Drug Resist. 2014 Dec 11;7:337-42. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S55376. eCollection 2014.
Dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are important arthropod-borne viral diseases. Each year, there are ~50 million dengue infections and ~500,000 individuals are hospitalized with DHF, mainly in Southeast Asia. Dengue in India has dramatically expanded over the last few decades, with rapidly changing epidemiology. The first major DHF outbreak in the entire nation occurred in 1996 by dengue virus serotype 2, and after a gap of almost a decade, the country faced yet another DF outbreak in the year 2003 by dengue virus serotype 3. A dramatic increase in the number and frequency of outbreaks followed, and, at present, in most of the states of India, dengue is almost endemic. At present, all the four serotypes are seen in circulation, but the predominant serotype keeps changing. Despite this trend, surveillance, reporting, and diagnosis of dengue remain largely passive in India. More active community-based epidemiological studies with intensive vector control and initiatives for dengue vaccine development should be geared up to control the spread of dengue in India. We review here the factors that may have contributed to the changing epidemiology of dengue in India.
登革热（DF）和登革出血热（DHF）是重要的虫媒病毒病。每年，约有 5000 万例登革热感染，约 50 万人因 DHF 住院，主要在东南亚。在过去几十年中，印度的登革热急剧扩大，其流行病学也在迅速变化。1996 年，该国首次发生了由登革病毒血清型 2 引起的大规模 DHF 爆发，时隔近十年后，该国于 2003 年又爆发了由登革病毒血清型 3 引起的 DF 爆发。此后，爆发的次数和频率急剧增加，目前，印度的大多数州几乎都有登革热流行。目前，所有 4 种血清型都在传播，但主要流行的血清型不断变化。尽管存在这种趋势，但印度的登革热监测、报告和诊断仍然主要是被动的。应该加强以社区为基础的、更积极的流行病学研究，加强病媒控制，并开展登革热疫苗开发工作，以控制印度登革热的传播。我们在此回顾了可能导致印度登革热流行病学变化的因素。
