Cheval Boris, Sarrazin Philippe, Pelletier Luc
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Lab. Sport et Environnement Social (SENS), F-38000, Grenoble, France; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Lab. Sport et Environnement Social (SENS), F-38000, Grenoble, France.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 19;9(12):e115238. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115238. eCollection 2014.
Understanding the determinants of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is crucial, given its extensive health benefits. Some scholars have assumed that a proneness to react differently to environmental cues promoting sedentary versus active behaviors could be responsible for inter-individual differences in NEAT. In line with this reflection and grounded on the Reflective-Impulsive Model, we test the assumption that impulsive processes related to sedentary and physical activity behaviors can prospectively predict NEAT, operationalized as spontaneous effort exerted to maintain low intensity muscle contractions within the release phases of an intermittent maximal isometric contraction task. Participants (n = 91) completed a questionnaire assessing their intentions to adopt physical activity behaviors and a manikin task to assess impulsive approach tendencies towards physical activity behaviors (IAPA) and sedentary behaviors (IASB). Participants were then instructed to perform a maximal handgrip strength task and an intermittent maximal isometric contraction task. As hypothesized, multilevel regression analyses revealed that spontaneous effort was (a) positively predicted by IAPA, (b) negatively predicted by IASB, and (c) was not predicted by physical activity intentions, after controlling for some confounding variables such as age, sex, usual PA level and average force provided during the maximal-contraction phases of the task. These effects remained constant throughout all the phases of the task. This study demonstrated that impulsive processes may play a unique role in predicting spontaneous physical activity behaviors. Theoretically, this finding reinforces the utility of a motivational approach based on dual-process models to explain inter-individual differences in NEAT. Implications for health behavior theories and behavior change interventions are outlined.
鉴于非运动活动产热（NEAT）具有广泛的健康益处，了解其决定因素至关重要。一些学者认为，个体对促进久坐行为与积极行为的环境线索做出不同反应的倾向可能是导致NEAT个体差异的原因。基于这一思考并以反射-冲动模型为基础，我们检验了这样一种假设，即与久坐行为和身体活动行为相关的冲动过程可以前瞻性地预测NEAT，NEAT被定义为在间歇性最大等长收缩任务的放松阶段为维持低强度肌肉收缩而自发付出的努力。参与者（n = 91）完成了一份评估他们采取身体活动行为意图的问卷以及一项人体模型任务，以评估对身体活动行为（IAPA）和久坐行为（IASB）的冲动趋近倾向。然后，参与者被指示执行一项最大握力任务和一项间歇性最大等长收缩任务。正如所假设的那样，多层次回归分析显示，在控制了一些混杂变量（如年龄、性别、通常的身体活动水平以及任务最大收缩阶段所提供的平均力量）之后，自发努力（a）由IAPA正向预测，（b）由IASB负向预测，并且（c）不受身体活动意图的预测。这些效应在任务的所有阶段都保持不变。这项研究表明，冲动过程可能在预测自发身体活动行为中发挥独特作用。从理论上讲，这一发现强化了基于双过程模型的动机方法在解释NEAT个体差异方面的效用。文中概述了对健康行为理论和行为改变干预措施的启示。
