Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Psychol Sci. 2011 Apr;22(4):490-7. doi: 10.1177/0956797611400615. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
This study tested the effects of a new cognitive-bias modification (CBM) intervention that targeted an approach bias for alcohol in 214 alcoholic inpatients. Patients were assigned to one of two experimental conditions, in which they were explicitly or implicitly trained to make avoidance movements (pushing a joystick) in response to alcohol pictures, or to one of two control conditions, in which they received no training or sham training. Four brief sessions of experimental CBM preceded regular inpatient treatment. In the experimental conditions only, patients' approach bias changed into an avoidance bias for alcohol. This effect generalized to untrained pictures in the task used in the CBM and to an Implicit Association Test, in which alcohol and soft-drink words were categorized with approach and avoidance words. Patients in the experimental conditions showed better treatment outcomes a year later. These findings indicate that a short intervention can change alcoholics' automatic approach bias for alcohol and may improve treatment outcome.
本研究测试了一种新的认知偏差修正（CBM）干预措施的效果，该干预措施针对 214 名酒精住院患者的酒精趋近偏见。患者被分配到两个实验组之一，在实验组中，他们被明确或暗示训练做出回避动作（推动操纵杆）以响应酒精图片，或者被分配到两个对照组之一，在对照组中，他们没有接受训练或假训练。在常规住院治疗之前，进行了四节简短的实验 CBM 课程。仅在实验组中，患者对酒精的趋近偏见转变为回避偏见。这种效果推广到 CBM 中使用的未训练图片和内隐联想测试中，在该测试中，酒精和软饮料的词与趋近和回避的词进行分类。一年后，实验组的患者治疗效果更好。这些发现表明，一个简短的干预可以改变酗酒者对酒精的自动趋近偏见，并可能改善治疗效果。
