Krajčovič Juraj, Schwartzbach Steven D
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
J Biotechnol. 2015 May 20;202:135-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.11.035. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
Euglenoid flagellates are mainly fresh water protists growing in highly diverse environments making them well-suited for a multiplicity of biotechnology applications. Phototrophic euglenids possesses complex chloroplasts of green algal origin bounded by three membranes. Euglena nuclear and plastid genome organization, gene structure and gene expression are distinctly different from other organisms. Our observations on the model organism Euglena gracilis indicate that transcription of both the plastid and nuclear genome is insensitive to environmental changes and that gene expression is regulated mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Euglena plastids have been proposed as a site for the production of proteins and value added metabolites of biotechnological interest. Euglena has been shown to be a suitable protist species to be used for production of several compounds that are used in the production of cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals, such as α-tocopherol, wax esters, polyunsaturated fatty acids, biotin and tyrosine. The storage polysaccharide, paramylon, has immunostimulatory properties and has shown a promise for biomaterials production. Euglena biomass can be used as a nutritional supplement in aquaculture and in animal feed. Diverse applications of Euglena in environmental biotechnology include ecotoxicological risk assessment, heavy metal bioremediation, bioremediation of industrial wastewater and contaminated water.
裸藻鞭毛虫主要是淡水原生生物，生长在高度多样的环境中，这使其非常适合多种生物技术应用。光合裸藻具有由三层膜包围的、起源于绿藻的复杂叶绿体。眼虫的核基因组和质体基因组组织、基因结构和基因表达与其他生物明显不同。我们对模式生物纤细裸藻的观察表明，质体基因组和核基因组的转录对环境变化不敏感，基因表达主要在转录后水平受到调控。眼虫的质体已被提议作为生产具有生物技术意义的蛋白质和增值代谢物的场所。眼虫已被证明是一种适合用于生产几种用于化妆品和营养保健品生产的化合物的原生生物物种，如α-生育酚、蜡酯、多不饱和脂肪酸、生物素和酪氨酸。储存多糖副淀粉具有免疫刺激特性，并显示出在生物材料生产方面的前景。眼虫生物质可作为水产养殖和动物饲料中的营养补充剂。眼虫在环境生物技术中的多种应用包括生态毒理学风险评估、重金属生物修复、工业废水和受污染水的生物修复。
