Svensson Martina, Lexell Jan, Deierborg Tomas
Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Jul;29(6):577-89. doi: 10.1177/1545968314562108. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
Physical exercise is a cornerstone in the management of many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia, and stroke. However, much of its beneficial effects on improving motor functions and cognition as well as decreasing neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are not yet well understood. The obvious limitations of studying the protective mechanisms behind exercise, for example, brain plasticity and neurodegeneration, could be overcome by generating novel animal models of neurodegenerative disorders. In this narrative review, we discuss the beneficial effects of exercise performed in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders and how the results from animal studies can be used in clinical settings. From preclinical studies, the positive effects of exercise have been related to increased levels of neurotrophic factors, elevated expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activated microglia. It is clear that parameters influencing the effect of exercise, such as intensity, still remain to be investigated in animal studies in order to find the optimal program that can be translated into exercise interventions for patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
体育锻炼是许多神经退行性疾病管理的基石，如帕金森病、痴呆症和中风。然而，其对改善运动功能和认知以及减少神经退行性变和神经炎症的许多有益作用尚未得到充分理解。通过生成新型神经退行性疾病动物模型，可以克服研究运动背后保护机制（例如脑可塑性和神经退行性变）的明显局限性。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们讨论了在神经退行性疾病动物模型中进行运动的有益作用，以及动物研究结果如何应用于临床环境。从临床前研究来看，运动的积极作用与神经营养因子水平升高、抗炎细胞因子表达增加以及促炎细胞因子和活化小胶质细胞水平降低有关。显然，影响运动效果的参数，如强度，在动物研究中仍有待研究，以便找到可转化为神经退行性疾病患者运动干预的最佳方案。
