Institut für Psychologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.
Psychologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2015 Feb;144(1):198-221. doi: 10.1037/xge0000044. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
The class of process-dissociation models, a subset of the class of multinomial processing-tree models, is one of the best understood classes of models used in experimental psychology. A number of prominent debates have addressed fundamental assumptions of process-dissociation models, leading, in many cases, to conceptual clarifications and extended models that address identified issues. One issue that has so far defied empirical clarification is how to evaluate the invariance assumption for the dominant process. Violations of the invariance assumption have, however, the potential to bias conventional process-dissociation analyses in different ways, and they can cause misleading theoretical interpretations and conclusions. Based on recent advances in multinomial modeling, we propose new approaches to examine the invariance assumption empirically and apply them in 6 studies to 3 prominent fields of application of process-dissociation models: to the Stroop task, to the interplay of recollection and habit in cued recall, and to the study of racial bias in the weapon task. In each of these content domains, the invariance assumption is found to be violated to a considerable extent.
过程分离模型类是多项处理树模型类的一个子集，是实验心理学中使用的最被理解的模型类之一。一些著名的争论已经解决了过程分离模型的基本假设，导致在许多情况下，对概念进行了澄清和扩展，以解决已确定的问题。到目前为止，一个尚未通过实证澄清的问题是如何评估主导过程的不变性假设。然而，违反不变性假设有可能以不同的方式偏向传统的过程分离分析，并且可能导致误导性的理论解释和结论。基于多项建模的最新进展，我们提出了新的方法来实证检验不变性假设，并将其应用于 6 项研究中，涉及过程分离模型的 3 个主要应用领域：Stroop 任务、线索回忆中回忆和习惯的相互作用，以及武器任务中的种族偏见研究。在这些内容领域中的每一个中，都发现不变性假设被严重违反。
