Porebski Grzegorz, Woźniak Magdalena, Czarnobilska Ewa
Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014;21(4):760-6. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1129929.
Numerous epidemiologic studies have reported increased risk of allergic rhinitis and asthma in relation to 'western life-style', which represents diversity of factors. We hypothesized that residential proximity to major roadways, reflecting an exposure to traffic-related air pollution, is associated with prevalence of allergic respiratory symptoms in children.
A total of 8290 individuals of two age groups: 16 year olds and 7 year olds from Krakow, Poland were included. We used the Polish version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood supplemented with a question concerning the distance between a responder's house and a high traffic density road: below 200 m, from 200-500 m, or more than 500 m.
Children and adolescents with a residential proximity closer to a major roadway had more frequent asthma-related symptoms in the last 12 months and at any time in the past. Consistent with the increased frequency of asthmatic symptoms, responders residing within 200 meters complained more often of sneezing, runny or blocked nose accompanied by itchy-watery eyes and hay fever in comparison to responders who resided 200-500 meters from a major roadway. The lowest rate of nasal symptoms was observed in residents living in the distance to major roads (> 500 meters). The rate of positive answers decreased in a distant-dependent manner.
Our findings suggest an important spatial relationship between the distance from a major roadway and the evaluated respiratory symptoms. The results emphasize the need for more comprehensive air quality policies within urban areas with increased motor vehicle density.
众多流行病学研究报告称，与“西方生活方式”相关的过敏性鼻炎和哮喘风险增加，而“西方生活方式”包含多种因素。我们推测，居住在主要道路附近，意味着暴露于与交通相关的空气污染中，这与儿童过敏性呼吸道症状的患病率有关。
纳入了来自波兰克拉科夫的两个年龄组的8290名个体，分别为16岁和7岁。我们使用了波兰语版的儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究，并补充了一个关于受访者房屋与交通流量大的道路之间距离的问题：低于200米、200 - 500米或超过500米。
居住在靠近主要道路附近的儿童和青少年在过去12个月以及过去的任何时候，出现与哮喘相关症状的频率更高。与居住在距离主要道路200 - 500米的受访者相比，居住在200米以内的受访者更常抱怨打喷嚏、流鼻涕或鼻塞，并伴有眼睛瘙痒流泪和花粉热。居住在距离主要道路较远（> 500米）的居民中观察到的鼻部症状发生率最低。肯定回答的比例以距离依赖的方式下降。
我们的研究结果表明，与主要道路的距离和所评估的呼吸道症状之间存在重要的空间关系。结果强调，在机动车密度增加的城市地区，需要制定更全面的空气质量政策。
