Bahadar Haji, Mostafalou Sara, Abdollahi Mohammad
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran.
J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014 Dec 14;13(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s40200-014-0117-y. eCollection 2014.
This review is undertaken to address the possible role of arsenic and pesticides in the prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan and to highlight a resourceful targeted research in this area. A bibliographic search of scientific databases was conducted with key words of "epidemics of diabetes in Pakistan", "diabetes in Asia", "diabetes mellitus and environmental pollutants", "diabetes mellitus and heavy metals", "diabetes mellitus and pesticides", "prevalence of pesticides in Pakistan", and "heavy metals contamination of drinking water, "vegetables and fruits in Pakistan". More than 200 articles were examined. Studies reporting the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), pesticides and heavy metal contamination of drinking water, fruits and vegetables were included in the study. According to WHO 2011 report, about 12.9 million people are suffering from DM and the number is constantly increasing. Water pollution is a major public health threat in Pakistan. Most of the people in Pakistan are exposed to arsenic and pesticides either in drinking water or through vegetables, fruits, and other edible items with various concentrations above the WHO/FAO permissible limits. Being an agricultural country, a 1169% increase has been recorded with the use of different types of pesticides since last two decades, and almost similar rise in the burden of diabetes. There is a growing global concern of arsenic and pesticides exposure with the incidence of DM. Besides other factors, the environmental attributors in the incidence of DM in Pakistan have not been conclusively elucidated yet which in turn deserve a resourceful targeted research.
本综述旨在探讨砷和农药在巴基斯坦糖尿病流行中可能扮演的角色，并强调该领域有价值的针对性研究。利用“巴基斯坦糖尿病流行”“亚洲糖尿病”“糖尿病与环境污染物”“糖尿病与重金属”“糖尿病与农药”“巴基斯坦农药流行情况”以及“巴基斯坦饮用水、蔬菜和水果中的重金属污染”等关键词，对科学数据库进行了文献检索。共审查了200多篇文章。纳入研究的是那些报告糖尿病患病率、饮用水、水果和蔬菜中农药及重金属污染情况的研究。根据世界卫生组织2011年的报告，约1290万人患有糖尿病，且这一数字在不断增加。水污染是巴基斯坦的一项重大公共卫生威胁。巴基斯坦大多数人通过饮用水或蔬菜、水果及其他食用物品接触到砷和农药，其浓度各不相同，均高于世界卫生组织/联合国粮食及农业组织的许可限值。作为一个农业国家，自过去二十年以来，不同类型农药的使用量增长了1169%，糖尿病负担也几乎出现了类似幅度的增长。全球对砷和农药暴露与糖尿病发病率之间的关系日益关注。除其他因素外，巴基斯坦糖尿病发病率中的环境因素尚未得到确凿阐明，因此值得开展有价值的针对性研究。
