Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2023;28:49. doi: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00132.
Itai-itai disease is caused by environmental cadmium (Cd) pollution in the Jinzu River basin in Japan. To reduce the Cd contamination of rice, soil restoration of paddy fields was carried out. We evaluated the effect of soil restoration on the health status of residents of the former Cd-polluted area.
Participants were 1,030 men and 944 women who lived in the area of restoration of Cd-polluted rice paddies. First morning urine was collected and urinary Cd, β2-microglobulin (β2MG), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels were measured. Associations among age, years of residence before and after soil restoration, and urinary Cd, β2MG, and NAG levels were evaluated by multiple regression analysis.
The geometric mean (interquartile range) of urinary Cd (µg/g Cr) was 1.00 (0.58-1.68) in men and 1.67 (1.02-2.91) in women. The geometric means of urinary β2MG (µg/g Cr) and NAG (U/g Cr) were 174.6 (92.6-234.2) and 1.47 (0.72-3.14) in men, and 217.6 (115.3-28.7) and 1.48 (0.73-2.96) in women, respectively. Urinary Cd, β2MG, and NAG were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01 all). Age and duration of residence in the Cd-polluted area before soil restoration were independently associated with urinary Cd, β2MG, and NAG. Among the 916 participants who had resided in the area before the soil restoration, urinary Cd concentrations were significantly higher, thus by 1.03-fold (95% CI, 1.01-1.04) in men and 1.03-fold (95% CI, 1.01-1.05) in women, when the years of residence before soil restoration by each 5-years increment. By contrast, urinary Cd concentrations were significantly lower, thus 0.97-fold (95% CI, 0.96-0.99) lower in men and 0.97-fold (95% CI, 0.95-0.99) lower in women, by each 5-year increment of residence after soil restoration. A similar association was observed for urinary β2MG concentration, and no significant association was observed for urinary NAG levels in men or women.
Cd exposure and associated renal tubular dysfunction in residents of a former Cd-polluted area were influenced by Cd exposure from the environment prior to soil restoration. Soil restoration in Cd-polluted areas reduced the Cd exposure of local residents.
痛痛病是由于日本神通川流域的镉环境污染造成的。为了减少大米中的镉污染，对稻田进行了土壤修复。我们评估了土壤修复对以前镉污染地区居民健康状况的影响。
参与者为 1030 名男性和 944 名女性，他们居住在镉污染稻田土壤修复区。采集清晨第一次尿液，测定尿镉、β2-微球蛋白（β2MG）和 N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）水平。采用多元回归分析评估年龄、土壤修复前和土壤修复后居住年限与尿镉、β2MG 和 NAG 水平之间的关系。
男性尿镉（μg/gCr）的几何平均值（四分位间距）为 1.00（0.58-1.68），女性为 1.67（1.02-2.91）。男性尿β2MG（μg/gCr）和 NAG（U/gCr）的几何平均值分别为 174.6（92.6-234.2）和 1.47（0.72-3.14），女性分别为 217.6（115.3-28.7）和 1.48（0.73-2.96）。尿镉、β2MG 和 NAG 呈显著正相关（均 p<0.01）。年龄和土壤修复前在镉污染区的居住年限与尿镉、β2MG 和 NAG 独立相关。在 916 名在土壤修复前居住在该地区的参与者中，男性尿镉浓度显著升高，土壤修复前每增加 5 年，尿镉浓度升高 1.03 倍（95%CI，1.01-1.04）；女性尿镉浓度也升高 1.03 倍（95%CI，1.01-1.05）。相比之下，土壤修复后每增加 5 年，男性和女性的尿镉浓度分别降低 0.97 倍（95%CI，0.96-0.99）和 0.97 倍（95%CI，0.95-0.99）。β2MG 浓度也存在类似的关联，而男性或女性的尿 NAG 水平则没有显著关联。
土壤修复前环境中镉暴露以及由此导致的肾小管功能障碍，影响了以前镉污染地区居民的镉暴露。镉污染地区的土壤修复降低了当地居民的镉暴露。
