Altinayar S, Oner S, Can S, Kizilay A, Kamisli S, Sarac K
Department of Neurology, Inonu University, Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(23):3659-64.
Olfactory dysfunction is the most frequently seen non-motor symptom of Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). The aim of this study is to analyze selective olfactory dysfunction, and olfactory bulb volume (OBV) in subtypes of IPD, and compare them with those of the healthy controls.
Our study included 41 patients with IPD and age and gender matched 19 healthy controls. IPD patients were either tremor dominant (65.9%; TDPD) or non-tremor dominant (34.1%; NTDPD) type. All patients underwent neurological, ear, nose, and throat examinations, and orthonasal olfaction testing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique was used to measure the volume of the olfactory bulb.
A significant decrease in olfactory identification scores was found in the patient group. The patients had difficulty in discriminating between odors of mothballs, chocolate, Turkish coffee and soap. OBV did not differ between the patient, and the control groups. In the TDPD group, odor identification ability was decreased when compared to the control group. However, odor test results of NTDPD, control and TDPD groups were similar. OBV estimates of the TDPD group were not different from those of the control group, while in the NTDPD group OBVs were found to be decreased. In all patients with Parkinson's disease OBV values did not vary with age of the patients, duration of the disease, age at onset of the disease, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor scores (UPDRS-m).
Olfactory function is a complex process involving olfactory, and cortical structures as well. In Idiopathic Parkinson's disease, changes in OBV do not seem to be directly related to olfactory dysfunction.
嗅觉功能障碍是特发性帕金森病（IPD）最常见的非运动症状。本研究旨在分析IPD各亚型中的选择性嗅觉功能障碍及嗅球体积（OBV），并将其与健康对照者进行比较。
我们的研究纳入了41例IPD患者以及年龄和性别匹配的19名健康对照者。IPD患者分为震颤为主型（65.9%；TDPD）或非震颤为主型（34.1%；NTDPD）。所有患者均接受了神经科、耳鼻喉科检查及经鼻嗅觉测试。采用磁共振成像（MRI）技术测量嗅球体积。
患者组的嗅觉识别得分显著降低。患者难以区分樟脑丸、巧克力、土耳其咖啡和肥皂的气味。患者组与对照组的OBV无差异。在TDPD组中，与对照组相比，气味识别能力下降。然而，NTDPD组、对照组和TDPD组的气味测试结果相似。TDPD组的OBV估计值与对照组无差异，而NTDPD组的OBV则降低。在所有帕金森病患者中，OBV值与患者年龄、病程、发病年龄及统一帕金森病评定量表运动评分（UPDRS-m）均无相关性。
嗅觉功能是一个复杂的过程，涉及嗅觉及皮质结构。在特发性帕金森病中，OBV的变化似乎与嗅觉功能障碍无直接关系。
