Salloum Ramzi G, Thrasher James F, Kates Frederick R, Maziak Wasim
Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Prev Med. 2015 Feb;71:88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.012. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
To report prevalence and correlates of water pipe tobacco smoking (WTS) use among U.S. adults.
Data were from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Estimates of WTS ever and current use were reported overall, and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, annual household income, sexual orientation, and cigarette smoking status. State-level prevalence rates of WTS ever were reported using choropleth thematic maps for the overall population and by sex.
The national prevalence of WTS ever was 9.8% and 1.5% for current use. WTS ever was more prevalent among those who are male (13.4%), 18-24 years old (28.4%) compared to older adults, non-Hispanic White (9.8%) compared to non-Hispanic Black, with some college education (12.4%) compared to no high school diploma, and reporting sexual minority status (21.1%) compared to heterosexuals. States with highest prevalence included DC (17.3%), NV (15.8%), and CA (15.5%).
WTS is now common among young adults in the US and high in regions where cigarette smoking prevalence is the lowest and smoke-free policies have a longer history. To reduce its use, WTS should be included in smoke-free regulations and state and federal regulators should consider policy development in other areas, including taxes, labeling, and distribution.
报告美国成年人中吸食水烟的流行情况及其相关因素。
数据来自2009 - 2010年全国成人烟草调查，该调查是美国成年人具有全国代表性的样本。报告了曾经吸食水烟和当前吸食水烟的总体估计情况，并按性别、年龄、种族/族裔、教育程度、家庭年收入、性取向和吸烟状况进行了分类报告。使用分级统计图展示了总体人群及按性别划分的各州曾经吸食水烟的流行率。
曾经吸食水烟的全国流行率为9.8%，当前吸食水烟的流行率为1.5%。曾经吸食水烟在男性（13.4%）、18 - 24岁人群（28.4%，与年长者相比）、非西班牙裔白人（9.8%，与非西班牙裔黑人相比）、接受过一些大学教育的人群（12.4%，与没有高中文凭的人群相比）以及报告为性少数群体的人群（21.1%，与异性恋者相比）中更为普遍。流行率最高的州包括华盛顿特区（17.3%）、内华达州（15.8%）和加利福尼亚州（15.5%）。
在美国，吸食水烟在年轻人中很常见，在吸烟率最低且无烟政策历史较长的地区更为普遍。为减少水烟吸食，应将其纳入无烟法规，州和联邦监管机构应考虑在其他领域制定政策，包括税收、标签和销售。
