Feng Xiu, Yu Xiaomu, Pang Meixia, Liu Haiyang, Tong Jingou
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2015 Apr;182:37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.12.001. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
Somatostatins (SSs) are a structurally diverse family of peptides that play important roles in the regulation of growth, development and metabolism in vertebrates. In this study, three preprosomatostatin genes (PSSs) in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Cc) were identified and characterized. Based on cloned sequences and genome BLAST, six isoforms of the PSS gene in C. carpio (CcPSS) were identified and included CcPSS1a and CcPSS1b, CcPSS2a and CcPSS2b, and finally, CcPSS3a and CcPSS3b. The open reading frames (ORF) of CcPSS1a, CcPSS2a and CcPSS3a consist of 345, 336 and 363 nucleotides. During embryonic development, the expressions of CcPSS2 and CcPSS3 were first observed at the stage of optic vesicle, and CcPSS1 mRNA was initially detected at the stage of muscular effect. The highest mRNA levels of CcPSS1, CcPSS2 and CcPSS3 were observed at 1-day post-hatch (dph), 2-dph and the stage of heart beating, respectively. In the adult brain, the distributions of three CcPSS mRNAs were differential but overlapping in the hypothalamus, telencephalon and medulla oblongata. For peripheral tissues, all three CcPSS mRNAs were detected in the mid-intestine, and CcPSS1 and CcPSS3 mRNAs were also expressed in the liver. Owing to the importance of somatostatins on regulating growth, functional mutations of CcPSSs were identified in a C. carpio population. A total of 23 polymorphic sites were detected in CcPSS1a and CcPSS3a. Of them, two SNPs (CcPSS1a-g.922C>T, and CcPSS3a-g.1125C>A) were significantly associated with growth traits, indicating their potential applications in gene (marker)-assisted selective breeding in C. carpio.
生长抑素（SSs）是一类结构多样的肽家族，在脊椎动物的生长、发育和代谢调节中发挥着重要作用。在本研究中，对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio，Cc）中的三个前生长抑素原基因（PSSs）进行了鉴定和表征。基于克隆序列和基因组比对，鉴定出鲤鱼（CcPSS）中PSS基因的六种异构体，包括CcPSS1a和CcPSS1b、CcPSS2a和CcPSS2b，以及最后CcPSS3a和CcPSS3b。CcPSS1a、CcPSS2a和CcPSS3a的开放阅读框（ORF）分别由345、336和363个核苷酸组成。在胚胎发育过程中，CcPSS2和CcPSS3的表达最早在视泡阶段被观察到，而CcPSS1 mRNA最初在肌肉效应阶段被检测到。CcPSS1、CcPSS2和CcPSS3的最高mRNA水平分别在孵化后1天（dph）、2-dph和心跳阶段被观察到。在成体脑中，三种CcPSS mRNA在下丘脑、端脑和延髓中的分布有差异但有重叠。对于外周组织，在中肠中检测到所有三种CcPSS mRNA，并且CcPSS1和CcPSS3 mRNA也在肝脏中表达。由于生长抑素对调节生长的重要性，在一个鲤鱼群体中鉴定出CcPSSs的功能突变。在CcPSS1a和CcPSS3a中总共检测到23个多态性位点。其中，两个单核苷酸多态性（CcPSS1a-g.922C>T和CcPSS3a-g.1125C>A）与生长性状显著相关，表明它们在鲤鱼基因（标记）辅助选择育种中的潜在应用。
