Jones Peter M, Pearce John M
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,
Learn Behav. 2015 Mar;43(1):72-82. doi: 10.3758/s13420-014-0162-x.
Pearce, Dopson, Haselgrove, and Esber (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 38, 167-179, 2012) conducted a series of experiments with rats and pigeons in which the conditioned responding elicited by two types of redundant cue was compared. One of these redundant cues was a blocked cue X from A+ AX+ training, whereas the other was cue Y from a simple discrimination BY+ CY-. Greater conditioned responding was elicited by X than by Y; we refer to this difference as the redundancy effect. To test an explanation of this effect in terms of comparator theory (Denniston, Savastano, & Miller, 2001), a single group of rats in Experiment 1 received training of the form A+ AX+ BY+ CY-, followed by an A- Y+ discrimination. Responding to the individual cues was tested both before and after the latter discrimination. In addition to a replication of the redundancy effect during the earlier test, we observed stronger responding to B than to X, both during the earlier test and, in contradiction of the theory, after the A- Y+ discrimination. In Experiment 2, a blocking group received A+ AX+, a continuous group received AX+ BX-, and a partial group received AX± BX± training. Subsequent tests with X again demonstrated the redundancy effect, but also revealed a stronger response in the partial than in the continuous group. This pattern of results is difficult to explain with error-correction theories that assume that stimuli compete for associative strength during conditioning. We suggest, instead, that the influence of a redundant cue is determined by its relationship with the event with which it is paired, and by the attention it is paid.
皮尔斯、多普森、哈塞尔格罗夫和埃斯伯（《实验心理学杂志：动物行为过程》，第38卷，第167 - 179页，2012年）用大鼠和鸽子进行了一系列实验，比较了两种冗余线索引发的条件反应。其中一种冗余线索是来自A + AX +训练中的被阻断线索X，而另一种是来自简单辨别BY + CY -中的线索Y。X引发的条件反应比Y更强；我们将这种差异称为冗余效应。为了根据比较器理论（丹尼斯顿、萨瓦斯塔诺和米勒，2001年）来检验对这种效应的一种解释，实验1中的一组大鼠接受了A + AX + BY + CY -形式的训练，随后进行A - Y +辨别。在后者辨别之前和之后都对各个线索的反应进行了测试。除了在早期测试中重复出现冗余效应外，我们还观察到，在早期测试期间以及与该理论相悖的是，在A - Y +辨别之后，对B的反应比对X的反应更强。在实验2中，一个阻断组接受A + AX +训练，一个连续组接受AX + BX -训练，一个部分组接受AX± BX±训练。随后对X的测试再次证明了冗余效应，但也显示部分组的反应比连续组更强。这种结果模式很难用假设在条件作用过程中刺激竞争联想强度的错误校正理论来解释。相反，我们认为，冗余线索的影响是由它与所配对事件的关系以及所得到的关注决定的。
