Kismödi Eszter, Cottingham Jane, Gruskin Sofia, Miller Alice M
a Harvard Law School , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA.
Glob Public Health. 2015;10(2):252-67. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2014.986175. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
Since the International Conference on Population and Development, definitions of sexuality and sexual health have been greatly elaborated alongside widely accepted recognition that sexual health requires respect, protection and fulfilment of human rights. Considerable progress has also been made in enacting or changing laws that affect sexuality and sexual health, in line with human rights standards. These measures include legal guarantees against non-discrimination and violence, decriminalisation of consensual sexual conduct and guaranteeing availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of sexual health information and services to all. Such legal actions have had positive effects on health and specifically on sexual health, particularly for marginalised populations. Yet in all regions of the world, laws still exist which jeopardise health, including sexual health, and violate human rights. In order to ensure accountability for the rights and health of their populations, states have an obligation to bring their laws into line with international, regional and national human rights standards. These rights-based legal guarantees, while insufficient alone, are essential for effective systems of accountability, achieving positive sexual health outcomes and the respect and protection of human rights.
自国际人口与发展会议以来，性取向和性健康的定义得到了极大的完善，同时人们也广泛认可性健康需要尊重、保护和实现人权。在根据人权标准制定或修改影响性取向和性健康的法律方面也取得了相当大的进展。这些措施包括提供法律保障，防止歧视和暴力，将双方自愿的性行为合法化，并确保向所有人提供性健康信息和服务，使其具备可获得性、可及性、可接受性和高质量。此类法律行动对健康，特别是对性健康产生了积极影响，对边缘化人群尤为如此。然而，在世界所有地区，仍然存在危害健康（包括性健康）并侵犯人权的法律。为确保对其民众的权利和健康负责，各国政府有义务使其法律符合国际、区域和国家人权标准。这些基于权利的法律保障虽然单靠自身并不充分，但对于有效的问责制、实现积极的性健康成果以及尊重和保护人权而言至关重要。
