Talhelm Thomas, Haidt Jonathan, Oishi Shigehiro, Zhang Xuemin, Miao Felicity F, Chen Shimin
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
New York University, New York City, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2015 Feb;41(2):250-67. doi: 10.1177/0146167214563672. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
Henrich, Heine, and Norenzayan summarized cultural differences in psychology and argued that people from one particular culture are outliers: people from societies that are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD). This study shows that liberals think WEIRDer than conservatives. In five studies with more than 5,000 participants, we found that liberals think more analytically (an element of WEIRD thought) than moderates and conservatives. Study 3 replicates this finding in the very different political culture of China, although it held only for people in more modernized urban centers. These results suggest that liberals and conservatives in the same country think as if they were from different cultures. Studies 4 to 5 show that briefly training people to think analytically causes them to form more liberal opinions, whereas training them to think holistically causes shifts to more conservative opinions.
亨里奇、海涅和诺伦扎扬总结了心理学中的文化差异，并认为来自某一特定文化的人是异类：即来自西方、受过教育、工业化、富裕且民主（WEIRD）社会的人。这项研究表明，自由主义者比保守主义者的思维更“怪异”。在五项涉及5000多名参与者的研究中，我们发现自由主义者比温和派和保守主义者的分析性思维更强（这是“怪异”思维的一个要素）。研究3在中国截然不同的政治文化背景下重复了这一发现，不过这一发现仅适用于更现代化的城市中心的人群。这些结果表明，同一个国家的自由主义者和保守主义者的思维方式就好像他们来自不同的文化。研究4至5表明，短暂地训练人们进行分析性思维会使他们形成更自由的观点，而训练他们进行整体性思维则会使观点转向更保守。
