Durbin C Emily, Hicks Brian M
Michigan State University.
University of Michigan.
Eur J Pers. 2014 Jul 1;28(4):362-386. doi: 10.1002/per.1962.
A dominant paradigm in psychopathology research proposes that individual differences in personality are centrally involved in the origins and manifestations of psychopathology, and structural models of personality and psychopathology have been extremely useful in helping to organize associations among many traits and disorders. However, these models merely patterns of covariation; they do not the processes by which these patterns emerge. We argue that the field is stagnated, as it is overly focused on the demonstration of concurrent associations and on confirming a spectrum model that proposes traits and disorders are manifestations of the same underlying constructs. We contend that if the field is to move toward an understanding of causal processes, it must integrate knowledge and principles of personality development and developmental psychopathology. To begin this integration, we review (1) normative trends in personality change, (2) age-related changes in the prevalence of disorders, and (3) the impact of onset and chronicity on the severity of disorders. We propose several developmental processes that may contribute to the co-development of personality and psychopathology. We then present novel empirical findings to illustrate how a developmental perspective on traits and disorders can inform new hypotheses, and propose principles and hypotheses that should guide future research.
心理病理学研究中的一个主导范式提出，人格的个体差异在心理病理学的起源和表现中起着核心作用，人格和心理病理学的结构模型在帮助组织许多特质和障碍之间的关联方面非常有用。然而，这些模型仅仅是共变模式；它们并没有解释这些模式出现的过程。我们认为该领域陷入了停滞，因为它过度关注同时发生的关联的证明以及确认一个提出特质和障碍是相同潜在结构的表现的光谱模型。我们认为，如果该领域要朝着理解因果过程的方向发展，就必须整合人格发展和发展性心理病理学的知识和原则。为了开始这种整合，我们回顾了：（1）人格变化的规范趋势，（2）与年龄相关的障碍患病率变化，以及（3）发病和慢性病程对障碍严重程度的影响。我们提出了几个可能有助于人格和心理病理学共同发展的发展过程。然后，我们展示了新的实证研究结果，以说明对特质和障碍的发展视角如何为新的假设提供信息，并提出应该指导未来研究的原则和假设。
