Dariotis Jacinda K, Johnson Matthew W
Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Center for Adolescent Health, Hopkins Population Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015 Feb;23(1):49-58. doi: 10.1037/a0038399. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
Youth under 25 show substantial sexual and substance use risk behaviors. One factor associated with risk behaviors is delay discounting, the devaluation of delayed outcomes. This study determined if delay discounting for sexual outcomes is related to sexual risk and substance use among 18-24 year olds. Females (70) and males (56) completed the Sexual Discounting Task, which assessed their likelihood of having unprotected immediate sex versus waiting for sex with a condom, at various delays, with 4 hypothetical sexual partners selected from photographs: the person they most wanted to have sex with, least wanted to have sex with, judged most likely to have a sexually transmitted infection (STI), and judged least likely to have an STI. They also completed instruments assessing HIV knowledge, sexual behaviors, substance use, risk attitudes, inhibition, impulsivity, and sensation-seeking. Condom use likelihood generally decreased with increasing delay. Preference for immediate, unprotected sex was greater for partners whom participants most (vs. least) wanted to have sex with and judged least (vs. most) likely to have an STI. Preference for immediate, unprotected sex in the "most want to have sex with" and "least likely to have an STI" conditions was related to greater lifetime risky sexual partners, lifetime number of unique substances used, disregard of social approval/danger, disinhibition, and sensation/excitement-seeking. Males showed greater likelihood of unprotected sex than females when condom use was undelayed, but delay similarly affected condom use between sexes. Delay discounting should be considered in strategies to minimize youth risk behavior.
25岁以下的年轻人表现出大量的性和物质使用风险行为。与风险行为相关的一个因素是延迟折扣，即对延迟结果的贬值。本研究确定了18至24岁人群中性结果的延迟折扣是否与性风险和物质使用有关。70名女性和56名男性完成了性折扣任务，该任务评估了他们在不同延迟情况下与4名从照片中挑选的假设性伴侣进行无保护即时性行为与等待使用避孕套性行为的可能性：他们最想与其发生性行为的人、最不想与其发生性行为的人、被判定最有可能感染性传播感染（STI）的人以及被判定最不可能感染STI的人。他们还完成了评估艾滋病毒知识、性行为、物质使用、风险态度、抑制、冲动性和寻求刺激的工具。随着延迟时间的增加，使用避孕套的可能性总体上降低。对于参与者最想（与最不想）与其发生性行为且被判定最不可能（与最可能）感染STI的伴侣，对即时、无保护性行为的偏好更大。在“最想与其发生性行为”和“最不可能感染STI”的情况下，对即时、无保护性行为的偏好与更多的终生危险性性伴侣、终生使用的独特物质数量、无视社会认可/危险、去抑制以及寻求感觉/刺激有关。当不延迟使用避孕套时，男性进行无保护性行为的可能性比女性更大，但延迟对两性使用避孕套的影响类似。在尽量减少青少年风险行为的策略中应考虑延迟折扣。
