Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 Feb;99(3):1097-107. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-6296-0. Epub 2014 Dec 31.
The beneficial use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in agroecosystems is not fully explored with partial information available, of which most of the studies are limited to laboratory conditions and only few involve natural ecosystems. AgNPs, being the most popular metallic nanoparticles exhibiting antimicrobial property, are predominantly used for plant disease management. Owing to the ill hazards of chemically synthesized AgNPs, their biosynthesis using environment-friendly biomolecules is gaining noteworthy attention. In addition, considering the advantages of nanoformulations over biopesticides, there is no doubt that biosynthesized AgNP-based biopesticides could revolutionize the agricultural sector in the future. Though enhanced commercial use of AgNPs has generated biosafety issues in modern scenario but expecting their significant contribution towards agricultural sector, it is too early to predict the risk factor associated with their usage. To unveil the toxicity factor of AgNPs, we need to focus and understand the major interactions of AgNPs in agroecosytems. Hence, the present review highlights (i) the potential application of AgNPs in the agricultural sector particularly for plant disease management, (ii) significance of biosynthesized AgNPs using microbes and plants over their chemical synthesis, (iii) major interactions of AgNPs in agroecosystems (with soil, soil biota, and plants) with emphasis to deal with toxicity-determining factors, and (iv) identifying future research work holding promising applications of biosynthesized AgNPs in agroecosystems.
银纳米粒子（AgNPs）在农业生态系统中的有益用途尚未得到充分探索，只有部分信息可用，其中大多数研究仅限于实验室条件，只有少数涉及自然生态系统。AgNPs 是最受欢迎的具有抗菌特性的金属纳米粒子，主要用于植物疾病管理。由于化学合成的 AgNPs 存在健康危害，因此使用环保生物分子来合成它们引起了人们的关注。此外，考虑到纳米制剂相对于生物农药的优势，毫无疑问，基于生物合成的 AgNP 生物农药将来可能会彻底改变农业部门。尽管 AgNPs 的商业用途增加在现代情况下引发了生物安全问题，但期望它们对农业部门做出重大贡献，因此现在预测与它们的使用相关的风险因素还为时过早。为了揭示 AgNPs 的毒性因素，我们需要专注并了解 AgNPs 在农业生态系统中的主要相互作用。因此，本综述重点介绍了（i）AgNPs 在农业领域的潜在应用，特别是在植物疾病管理方面，（ii）使用微生物和植物合成生物合成 AgNPs 相对于其化学合成的重要性，（iii）AgNPs 在农业生态系统中（与土壤、土壤生物群和植物）的主要相互作用，重点是解决毒性决定因素，以及（iv）确定未来的研究工作，这些工作具有在农业生态系统中应用生物合成的 AgNPs 的广阔前景。
