College of Bioscience and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 30;14(1):20242. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71282-w.
Fusarium oxysporum (Schl.) f.sp. melonis, which causes muskmelon wilt disease, is a destructive filamentous fungal pathogen, attracting more attention to the search for effective fungicides against this pathogen. In particular, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have strong antimicrobial properties and they are not easy to develop drug resistance, which provides new ideas for the prevention and control of muskmelon Fusarium wilt (MFW). This paper studied the effects of AgNPs on the growth and development of muskmelon, the control efficacy on Fusarium wilt of muskmelon and the antifungal mechanism of AgNPs to F. oxysporum. The results showed that AgNPs could inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum on the PDA and in the PDB medium at 100-200 mg/L and the low concentration of 25 mg/L AgNPs could promote the seed germination and growth of muskmelon seedlings and reduce the incidence of muskmelon Fusarium wilt. Further studies on the antifungal mechanism showed that AgNPs could impair the development, damage cell structure, and interrupt cellular metabolism pathways of this fungus. TEM observation revealed that AgNPs treatment led to damage to the cell wall and membrane and accumulation of vacuoles and vessels, causing the leakage of intracellular contents. AgNPs treatment significantly hampered the growth of mycelia in the PDB medium, even causing a decrease in biomass. Biochemical properties showed that AgNPs treatment stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 6 h, subsequently producing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing protective enzyme activity. After 6 h, the protective enzyme activity decreased. These results indicated that AgNPs destroy the cell structure and affect the metabolisms, eventually leading to the death of fungus.
尖镰孢（Fusarium oxysporum）（Schl.）f.sp. melonis 是一种破坏性丝状真菌病原体，可引起甜瓜枯萎病，引起人们对寻找有效杀菌剂来防治该病原体的关注。特别是银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）具有很强的抗菌性能，不易产生抗药性，为防治甜瓜镰刀枯萎病（MFW）提供了新思路。本文研究了 AgNPs 对甜瓜生长发育的影响、对甜瓜枯萎病的防治效果以及 AgNPs 对尖镰孢的抑菌机制。结果表明，AgNPs 可在 100-200mg/L 浓度下抑制 PDA 和 PDB 培养基中尖镰孢的生长，低浓度 25mg/L 的 AgNPs 可促进甜瓜幼苗的种子萌发和生长，降低甜瓜枯萎病的发病率。进一步的抑菌机制研究表明，AgNPs 可损害该真菌的发育，破坏细胞结构，干扰细胞代谢途径。TEM 观察发现，AgNPs 处理导致细胞壁和膜受损，液泡和容器积累，导致细胞内物质泄漏。AgNPs 处理显著抑制 PDB 培养基中菌丝的生长，甚至导致生物量减少。生化特性表明，AgNPs 处理可在 6h 内刺激活性氧（ROS）的产生，随后产生丙二醛（MDA）并增加保护酶的活性。6h 后，保护酶活性下降。这些结果表明，AgNPs 破坏细胞结构，影响代谢，最终导致真菌死亡。
