Aleksandrov A A, Poriadina G I, Kotova M B, Ivanova E I
Vopr Pitan. 2014;83(4):67-74.
Objective of the study is to evaluate the specificity of schoolchildren's eating behavior in the cities of Moscow and Murmansk. Dietary habits of 785 children 10-17 years old residing in two cities--Moscow (222 boys and 221 girls, 14.1 ± 1.9 years old) and Murmansk (183 and 159 correspondingly, 14.1 ± 1.8 years old)--were analyzed. The questionnaire included data on the meals ratio per day, frequency of vegetables and fruit intake, fast-food intake, hot meals, soft drinks, meat, fish and milk intake, usage of school cafeteria, regularity of breakfasts. Parents responded to questions concerning the materialsupport of family and education. It was found that more than half of schoolchildren (64.4%) had meals irregularly (3 times per day or less), only 50.9% received hot meals several times a day. Every third child (31.6%) has insufficient intake of vegetables and fruit, 11.8%--insufficient intake of meat dishes. Only 51.4% of schoolchildren consumed dairy products daily (one or several times a day). At the same time 19.5% of children used fast-food products several times a week or more often, 42.2%--carbonated drinks, and 22.7%--smoked food. Only 45.7% of schoolchildren regularly ate at school caf- eteria; 21.9% did it irregularly and 32.5%--did not attend school canteen at all. There were no significant differences between Moscow and Murmansk children as well as gender differences in the usage of school cafeteria. At the same time only 23.4% of children [26.3% in Moscow and 19.3% in Murmansk (significantly less, p = 0.032)] liked cafeteria food, 38.7% did not like and 37.9% had no certain answer. Less obese children (54.0%) have breakfast everyday than children with normal weight (75.4%, p = 0.019). Children of mothers with high and incomplete high education (89.4%) have more regular meat intake (3-4 times per week or more often) than the children of mothers with secondary, incomplete secondary and secondary special education (81.9%, p = 0.034). Schoolchildren feeding is often irregular, irrational and poorly balanced. Some of examined schoolchildren already had excessive body mass (20.7%), that may lead to metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances in young adult and mature age.
该研究的目的是评估莫斯科和摩尔曼斯克两市学童饮食行为的特点。对居住在两个城市——莫斯科（222名男孩和221名女孩，14.1±1.9岁）和摩尔曼斯克（相应地为183名和159名，14.1±1.8岁）——的785名10至17岁儿童的饮食习惯进行了分析。问卷包括每日进餐比例、蔬菜和水果摄入频率、快餐摄入、热餐、软饮料、肉类、鱼类和牛奶摄入、学校食堂使用情况、早餐规律等数据。家长回答了有关家庭物质支持和教育的问题。结果发现，超过一半的学童（64.4%）饮食不规律（每天3次或更少），只有50.9%的学童每天吃几次热餐。每三个孩子中就有一个（31.6%）蔬菜和水果摄入不足，11.8%的孩子肉类菜肴摄入不足。只有51.4%的学童每天食用乳制品（每天一次或几次）。与此同时，19.5%的儿童每周食用几次或更频繁地食用快餐产品，42.2%的儿童饮用碳酸饮料，22.7%的儿童食用烟熏食品。只有45.7%的学童经常在学校食堂就餐；21.9%的学童偶尔在食堂就餐，32.5%的学童根本不去学校食堂。莫斯科和摩尔曼斯克的儿童在学校食堂使用情况上没有显著差异，也没有性别差异。与此同时，只有23.4%的儿童[莫斯科为26.3%，摩尔曼斯克为19.3%（显著较少，p = 0.032）]喜欢食堂的食物，38.7%的儿童不喜欢，37.9%的儿童没有明确答案。肥胖程度较低的儿童（54.0%）每天吃早餐的比例低于体重正常的儿童（75.4%，p = 0.019）。母亲受过高等教育和不完全高等教育的儿童（89.4%）肉类摄入比母亲受过中等、不完全中等和中等专业教育的儿童更规律（每周3至4次或更频繁）（81.9%，p = 0.034）。学童的饮食往往不规律、不合理且不均衡。一些接受检查的学童已经超重（20.7%），这可能会导致青年和成年期的代谢和心血管紊乱。
