Structure & Motion Lab, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield , United Kingdom.
PeerJ. 2014 Dec 23;2:e706. doi: 10.7717/peerj.706. eCollection 2014.
The three-dimensional anatomy of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) knee (femorotibial, femorofibular, and femoropatellar) joint has scarcely been studied, and could elucidate certain mechanobiological properties of sesamoid bones. The adult ostrich is unique in that it has double patellae, while another similar ratite bird, the emu, has none. Understanding why these patellae form and what purpose they may serve is dually important for future studies on ratites as well as for understanding the mechanobiological characteristics of sesamoid bone development. For this purpose, we present a three-dimensional anatomical study of the ostrich knee joint, detailing osteology, ligaments and menisci, and myology. We have identified seven muscles which connect to the two patellae and compare our findings to past descriptions. These descriptions can be used to further study the biomechanical loading and implications of the double patella in the ostrich.
鸵鸟(Struthio camelus)膝关节(股胫、股腓和股髌)的三维解剖结构几乎没有被研究过,而这可能阐明籽骨的某些力学生物学特性。成年鸵鸟是独一无二的,因为它有两个髌骨,而另一种类似的平胸鸟类,鸸鹋,则没有。了解为什么这些髌骨形成以及它们可能有什么作用,对于未来对平胸鸟类的研究以及理解籽骨发育的力学生物学特征都是至关重要的。为此,我们对鸵鸟膝关节进行了三维解剖学研究,详细描述了骨骼学、韧带和半月板以及肌肉。我们已经确定了七个连接到两个髌骨的肌肉,并将我们的发现与过去的描述进行了比较。这些描述可以用于进一步研究在鸵鸟中双髌骨的生物力学载荷及其影响。