Fuss Franz K, Gasser Chris R
Institute of Anatomy (1st Department) of the University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
J Morphol. 1992 Nov;214(2):139-151. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1052140204.
The avian cruciate ligaments were examined in Gallus domesticus, Anas platyrhynchos, Meleagris gallopavo, and Struthio camelus australis. The ligaments proved to be deviated around the intercondylar groove (cranial cruciate) and around the medial femoral condyle (caudal cruciate). Four functionally different fiber groups could be differentiated: fibers taut only in maximal extension, fibers taut only in maximal flexion, fibers taut in ranges from an intermediate position to an extreme position, and fibers taut throughout the entire range of motion (guiding bundles). Hence the cruciates serve the guiding of the joint and the restriction of motion, whereby the majority of the cranial cruciate fibers are taut in extension while those of the caudal cruciate are in flexion. No differences were found between the species examined with respect to fiber arrangement and function. The avian mechanical model proved to be more complex than the relatively simple mammalian four-bar link model as the avian guiding bundles change their shape due to deflection during motion. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
对家鸡、绿头鸭、火鸡和澳大利亚鸵鸟的禽交叉韧带进行了检查。结果表明，韧带围绕髁间沟（颅侧交叉韧带）和股骨内侧髁（尾侧交叉韧带）发生偏移。可以区分出四种功能不同的纤维组：仅在最大伸展时绷紧的纤维、仅在最大屈曲时绷紧的纤维、在中间位置到极端位置范围内绷紧的纤维以及在整个运动范围内都绷紧的纤维（引导束）。因此，交叉韧带起到引导关节和限制运动的作用，其中颅侧交叉韧带的大多数纤维在伸展时绷紧，而尾侧交叉韧带的纤维在屈曲时绷紧。在所检查的物种之间，在纤维排列和功能方面未发现差异。由于禽引导束在运动过程中因偏转而改变形状，禽的力学模型被证明比相对简单的哺乳动物四杆连杆模型更为复杂。© 1992威利 - 利斯公司。
