Sichuan University.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2015 Jan 1;20(1):119-38. doi: 10.2741/4301.
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, endogenous, non-coding single strand RNAs. miRNAs are involve in multiple developmental events during embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. miRNAs regulate epigenetic regulating genes through post-transcriptional regulation and that epigenetic factors mediate the regulation of miRNA. Bone tissue homeostasis is maintained through the dynamic balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. And miRNAs are important regulators of bone resorbing activity mediated by osteoclasts, as well as osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. This review summarizes recent studies bone-regulating miRNAs, which are divided into two major branches: the osteogenesis regulator and the osteoclastogenesis regulator. miRNAs can positively or negatively regulate osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. This review also discusses how miRNAs, target genes, intracellular effectors and transcription factors affect both the bone homeostasis and bone homeostasis processes. Disrupted the function of miRNAs is related to some bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Studying the mechanisms underlying the role of miRNAs in the bone and mineral field may reveal potential therapeutic targets for treating metabolic bone disorders, bone loss and bone diseases.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是一类小的、内源性、非编码的单链 RNA。miRNAs 参与胚胎发生和成人组织稳态过程中的多种发育事件。miRNAs 通过转录后调控来调节表观遗传调控基因，而表观遗传因子介导 miRNA 的调控。骨组织稳态通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成之间的动态平衡来维持。miRNAs 是破骨细胞介导的骨吸收活性、成骨细胞增殖和分化的重要调节因子。本综述总结了近年来关于骨调节 miRNAs 的研究，这些 miRNAs 分为两个主要分支：成骨调节因子和破骨细胞分化调节因子。miRNAs 可以正向或负向调节成骨和破骨细胞分化。本综述还讨论了 miRNAs、靶基因、细胞内效应物和转录因子如何影响骨稳态和骨稳态过程。miRNAs 功能的破坏与一些骨骼疾病有关，如骨质疏松症。研究 miRNAs 在骨骼和矿物质领域中的作用机制可能揭示治疗代谢性骨疾病、骨丢失和骨骼疾病的潜在治疗靶点。
