Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2014 Nov 1;561:46-55. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.04.016. Epub 2014 May 14.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and have been associated with many diseases and physiological states. Within the skeleton, both the bone forming cells, osteoblasts, and the bone degrading cells, osteoclasts, are mostly being stimulated by miRNAs through downregulation of inhibitors of bone cell differentiation. Besides miRNAs affecting master genes of bone cell differentiation and function in a cell-restricted manner, evidence is gathering that miRNAs are excreted into the local environment but also into the circulation, implicating a role for miRNAs in nearby or even distant target cells. In this review, the most recent novel miRNAs implicated in bone cell differentiation regulation will be described but also their potential paracrine or endocrine role, thus reinforcing the concept that miRNAs may function as powerful communicators between cell types or tissues.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 在细胞增殖、分化和凋亡中发挥着重要作用，与许多疾病和生理状态有关。在骨骼中，成骨细胞和破骨细胞都主要受到 miRNA 的刺激，通过下调骨细胞分化抑制剂来实现。除了 miRNA 以细胞受限的方式影响骨细胞分化和功能的主基因外，越来越多的证据表明 miRNA 被分泌到局部环境中，甚至进入循环系统，表明 miRNA 在附近甚至远处的靶细胞中发挥作用。在这篇综述中，将描述最近涉及骨细胞分化调节的新型 miRNA，以及它们潜在的旁分泌或内分泌作用，从而强化了 miRNA 可能作为细胞类型或组织之间的强大通讯者的概念。
