Guzman Efrain, Taylor Geraldine
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
Mol Immunol. 2015 Jul;66(1):48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.004. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an important cause of respiratory disease in young calves. The virus is genetically and antigenically closely related to human (H)RSV, which is a major cause of respiratory disease in young infants. As a natural pathogen of calves, BRSV infection recapitulates the pathogenesis of respiratory disease in man more faithfully than semi-permissive, animal models of HRSV infection. With the increasing availability of immunological reagents, the calf can be used to dissect the pathogenesis of and mechanisms of immunity to RSV infection, to analyse the ways in which the virus proteins interact with components of the innate response, and to evaluate RSV vaccine strategies. Passively transferred, neutralising bovine monoclonal antibodies, which recognise the same epitopes in the HRSV and BRSV fusion (F) protein, can protect calves against BRSV infection, and depletion of different T cells subsets in calves has highlighted the importance of CD8(+) T cells in viral clearance. Calves can be used to model maternal-antibody mediated suppression of RSV vaccine efficacy, and to increase understanding of the mechanisms responsible for RSV vaccine-enhanced respiratory disease.
牛呼吸道合胞病毒（BRSV）是幼龄犊牛呼吸道疾病的重要病因。该病毒在基因和抗原方面与人类呼吸道合胞病毒（HRSV）密切相关，HRSV是幼儿呼吸道疾病的主要病因。作为犊牛的自然病原体，BRSV感染比HRSV感染的半容许性动物模型更忠实地概括了人类呼吸道疾病的发病机制。随着免疫试剂的日益普及，犊牛可用于剖析RSV感染的发病机制和免疫机制，分析病毒蛋白与先天免疫反应成分相互作用的方式，并评估RSV疫苗策略。被动转移的、能识别HRSV和BRSV融合（F）蛋白相同表位的中和性牛单克隆抗体可保护犊牛免受BRSV感染，犊牛不同T细胞亚群的耗竭突出了CD8(+) T细胞在病毒清除中的重要性。犊牛可用于模拟母源抗体介导的RSV疫苗效力抑制，并增进对RSV疫苗增强型呼吸道疾病相关机制的理解。
