Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
J Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;211(8):1180-1186. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300260.
The human orthopneumovirus (human respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]) is a leading cause of respiratory disease in children worldwide and a significant cause of infant mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The natural immune response to the virus has a preponderant role in disease progression, with a rapid neutrophil infiltration and dysbalanced T cell response in the lungs associated with severe disease in infants. The development of preventive interventions against human RSV has been difficult partly due to the need to use animal models that only partially recapitulate the immune response as well as the disease progression seen in human infants. In this brief review, we discuss the contributions of the calf model of RSV infection to understanding immunity to RSV and in developing vaccine and drug candidates, focusing on recent research areas. We propose that the bovine model of RSV infection is a valuable alternative for assessing the translational potential of interventions aimed at the human population.
人偏肺病毒（人呼吸道合胞病毒[RSV]）是全球儿童呼吸道疾病的主要病因，也是中低收入国家婴儿死亡率的重要原因。针对该病毒的自然免疫反应在疾病进展中起主要作用，肺部迅速出现中性粒细胞浸润和 T 细胞反应失衡，与婴儿重症疾病相关。针对人偏肺病毒的预防干预措施的发展较为困难，部分原因是需要使用动物模型，而这些模型仅部分再现了人类婴儿中所见的免疫反应和疾病进展。在这篇简短的综述中，我们讨论了牛偏肺病毒感染模型对理解 RSV 免疫和开发疫苗及药物候选物的贡献，重点介绍了最近的研究领域。我们提出，牛偏肺病毒感染模型是评估针对人群干预措施转化潜力的一种有价值的替代方法。
