Gaeeni Mina, Farahani Mansoureh A, Mohammadi Nooredin, Seyedfatemi Naima
Department of Nursing Education, Center for Nursing Care Research/School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014 Nov;19(6):635-42.
Admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is recognized as a situation with emotional strain, uncertainty, and fear of losing the patient. In such stressful situations, it is hope that can promote psychological stability in the patient's family members. Related literature revealed that sources of hope in this situation have still not been discussed well in studies. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the sources of hope from the perspective of families of ICU patients in Iran.
In this qualitative study that was carried out adopting the conventional qualitative content analysis approach, 19 family members of 13 patients hospitalized in the ICU from three teaching hospitals were selected, through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using conventional content analysis, through the process of data reduction and condensation, coding, and also generating categories and subcategories.
Analysis of the data revealed sources of hope in families of ICU patients. These sources appeared as two main categories- internal sources and external sources. The internal sources had two subcategories consisting of 'religious-spirituality beliefs' and 'positive attitude'. The external sources had four subcategories consisting of healthcare professionals' interactions, empathy of families and friends, patient's condition, and participation in care.
The results of this study showed the sources of hope in the families of the patients in the ICU. These sources, as moderating factors, could reduce physical and psychological damages caused to the families. In the present study, the categorizations of the participants' in-depth experience could develop a new horizon for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, on the sources of hope, based on culture.
入住重症监护病房（ICU）被认为是一种充满情感压力、不确定性以及对患者死亡感到恐惧的情况。在这种压力巨大的情形下，希望能够促进患者家属的心理稳定。相关文献显示，针对这种情形下希望的来源，研究中尚未进行充分讨论。本定性研究的目的是从伊朗ICU患者家属的角度探索希望的来源。
在这项采用传统定性内容分析法开展的定性研究中，通过目的抽样从三家教学医院的ICU病房收治的13名患者的19名家属中进行了选取。采用半结构式访谈收集数据。访谈内容逐字转录，并运用传统内容分析法，通过数据简化与浓缩、编码以及生成类别和子类别等过程进行分析。
数据分析揭示了ICU患者家属希望的来源。这些来源呈现为两个主要类别——内部来源和外部来源。内部来源有两个子类别，分别是“宗教 - 精神信仰”和“积极态度”。外部来源有四个子类别，分别是医护人员的互动、家人和朋友的同理心、患者的病情以及参与护理。
本研究结果显示了ICU患者家属希望的来源。这些来源作为调节因素，可以减少对家属造成的身心伤害。在本研究中，参与者深入体验的分类能够为医护人员，尤其是护士，基于文化的希望来源开拓新的视野。
