Ponnappan Nisha, Budagavi Deepthi Poornima, Yadav Bhoopesh Kumar, Chugh Archana
Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2015 Mar;7(1):75-89. doi: 10.1007/s12602-014-9182-2.
Marine organisms are known to be a rich and unique source of bioactive compounds as they are exposed to extreme conditions in the oceans. The present study is an attempt to briefly describe some of the important membrane-active peptides (MAPs) such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and peptide toxins from marine organisms. Since both AMPs and CPPs play a role in membrane perturbation and exhibit interchangeable role, they can speculatively fall under the broad umbrella of MAPs. The study focuses on the structural and functional characteristics of different classes of marine MAPs. Further, AMPs are considered as a potential remedy to antibiotic resistance acquired by several pathogens. Peptides from marine organisms show novel post-translational modifications such as cysteine knots, halogenation and histidino-alanine bridge that enable these peptides to withstand harsh marine environmental conditions. These unusual modifications of AMPs from marine organisms are expected to increase their half-life in living systems, contributing to their increased bioavailability and stability when administered as drug in in vivo systems. Apart from AMPs, marine toxins with membrane-perturbing properties could be essentially investigated for their cytotoxic effect on various pathogens and their cell-penetrating activity across various mammalian cells. The current review will help in identifying the MAPs from marine organisms with crucial post-translational modifications that can be used as template for designing novel therapeutic agents and drug-delivery vehicles for treatment of human diseases.
海洋生物因其暴露于海洋中的极端环境而被认为是生物活性化合物丰富且独特的来源。本研究旨在简要描述一些重要的膜活性肽（MAPs），如抗菌肽（AMPs）、细胞穿透肽（CPPs）以及来自海洋生物的肽毒素。由于AMPs和CPPs都在膜扰动中发挥作用且表现出可互换的作用，它们可以推测性地归属于MAPs这一宽泛范畴。该研究聚焦于不同类别的海洋MAPs的结构和功能特征。此外，AMPs被视为应对多种病原体获得性抗生素耐药性的一种潜在疗法。来自海洋生物的肽表现出新颖的翻译后修饰，如半胱氨酸结、卤化和组氨酸 - 丙氨酸桥，这些修饰使这些肽能够耐受恶劣的海洋环境条件。海洋生物AMPs的这些不寻常修饰有望增加它们在生物系统中的半衰期，有助于它们在体内系统作为药物给药时提高生物利用度和稳定性。除了AMPs，具有膜扰动特性的海洋毒素在其对各种病原体的细胞毒性作用以及它们跨各种哺乳动物细胞的细胞穿透活性方面也值得深入研究。当前的综述将有助于识别来自海洋生物的具有关键翻译后修饰的MAPs，这些MAPs可作为设计新型治疗剂和药物递送载体以治疗人类疾病的模板。
