Department of Pediatric Oncology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2015 Apr;94(1):87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.12.009. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
Mucositis is a complex inflammatory reaction of the mucous membranes of the alimentary tract upon chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment in oncology patients. Mucositis can be subdivided in oral and gastrointestinal mucositis (GI mucositis). The damage to the gastrointestinal tract compromises the intestinal function and thereby the nutritional status and the quality of life, and eventually affects survival. The literature on GI mucositis focuses mainly on adults. This review focuses on data available on GI mucositis in pediatric cancer patients. An evaluation of the clinical presentation and consequences of GI mucositis in children is outlined. The review summarizes key issues for clinicians with respect to risk analysis for developing mucositis and the diagnosis of this condition in children. Information on these issues is obtained from clinical trials in children and adults, and from animal models. Diagnostic tools and assessment of severity of GI mucositis in children is elaborated on. Furthermore, the clinical management of the symptoms and consequences of GI mucositis in children, with specific focus on nutritional support, are discussed.
黏膜炎是肿瘤患者接受化疗和放疗时发生的一种消化道黏膜的复杂炎症反应。黏膜炎可分为口腔黏膜炎和胃肠道黏膜炎（GI 黏膜炎）。胃肠道损伤会影响肠道功能，从而影响营养状况和生活质量，最终影响生存。GI 黏膜炎的文献主要集中在成人。本综述重点关注儿科癌症患者 GI 黏膜炎的可用数据。概述了儿童 GI 黏膜炎的临床表现和后果。该综述总结了临床医生在分析发生黏膜炎的风险和诊断儿童这种疾病方面的关键问题。这些问题的信息来自儿童和成人的临床试验以及动物模型。详细阐述了儿童 GI 黏膜炎的诊断工具和严重程度评估。此外，还讨论了儿童 GI 黏膜炎症状和后果的临床管理，特别关注营养支持。
