Skevaki C, Pararas M, Kostelidou K, Tsakris A, Routsias J G
Research Laboratories, Second Department of Pediatrics, Athens, Greece.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2015 May;180(2):165-77. doi: 10.1111/cei.12578.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-studied family of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), whose task is to rapidly recognize evolutionarily conserved structures on the invading microorganisms. Through binding to these patterns, TLRs trigger a number of proinflammatory and anti-microbial responses, playing a key role in the first line of defence against the pathogens also promoting adaptive immunity responses. Growing amounts of data suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the various human TLR proteins are associated with altered susceptibility to infection. This review summarizes the role of TLRs in innate immunity, their ligands and signalling and focuses on the TLR SNPs which have been linked to infectious disease susceptibility.
Toll样受体（TLRs）是研究最为深入的模式识别受体（PRRs）家族，其任务是快速识别入侵微生物上进化保守的结构。通过与这些模式结合，TLRs触发多种促炎和抗菌反应，在抵御病原体的第一道防线中发挥关键作用，还能促进适应性免疫反应。越来越多的数据表明，各种人类TLR蛋白上的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与感染易感性的改变有关。本综述总结了TLRs在固有免疫中的作用、其配体和信号传导，并重点关注与传染病易感性相关的TLR SNPs。
