儿童和青少年在治疗同意方面的自主性：伦理、法学和法律考量
Autonomy of children and adolescents in consent to treatment: ethical, jurisprudential and legal considerations.
作者信息
Parsapoor Alireza, Parsapoor Mohammad-Bagher, Rezaei Nima, Asghari Fariba
机构信息
Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center.
Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
出版信息
Iran J Pediatr. 2014 Jun;24(3):241-8.
Autonomy is usually considered as a main principle in making decisions about individuals' health. Children and particularly adolescents have the capacity to take part in medical decision-making to some extent. For the most part the parent-doctor-child/adolescent triangle sides are essentially in agreement, but this may not be true in some cases, causing physicians to face problems attempting to determine their professional duties. According to Islamic jurisprudent upon reaching the age of Taklif (15 full lunar years for boys and 9 full lunar years for girls) no one can be treated as incompetent based on mental immaturity unless his or her insanity or mental immaturity is provend Moreover the Islamic Sharia, decrees that parents should lose their authority to make medical decisions for their children, if their bad faith or imprudence is proven, in which case a fit and proper person or an institution will be appointed to make decisions in this respect based on the child's best interests.
自主性通常被视为做出有关个人健康决策的一项主要原则。儿童尤其是青少年在一定程度上有能力参与医疗决策。在大多数情况下，父母、医生、儿童/青少年这个三角关系的各方基本达成一致，但在某些情况下可能并非如此，这使得医生在试图确定其职业职责时面临问题。根据伊斯兰教法，达到“塔克利夫”年龄（男孩为15个完整农历年，女孩为9个完整农历年）后，除非其精神错乱或心智不成熟得到证实，否则任何人都不能因其心智不成熟而被视为无行为能力者。此外，伊斯兰教法规定，如果父母的恶意或轻率行为得到证实，他们将失去为子女做出医疗决策的权力，在这种情况下，将指定一个合适的人或机构基于儿童的最大利益做出这方面的决策。
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